aztec primary sources

New Brunswich: Rutgers University Press, 1994. He was also reacting against an account published by Cortss secretary, Francisco Lpez de Gmara, who published an account that seemed to give Corts all of the credit for the conquest. Useful in thinking about which accounts to juxtapose in this project. "Mythical Views of Malintzin, Malinche, Marina: the Virgin, the Harlot and the Heroine." McCaa, Robert. Codex Vaticanus nr. Thus, various personal translations of the Codex Florentino became my primary source for the Mexica account of the conquest. 75 (May 1995): 149-183. De la Cortina, Jos Justo Gomez, Conde. . 8. The Aztec Empire grew as it conquered neighboring states, but that growth came at a cost. Sahagn, Fray Bernardino de. [My translation]. The drawings accompanying authentic manuscript reproductions often contained drawings from multiple sources, not just those included in the original manuscript itself. Mxico: Ediciones de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma, 1944. Edited by John Foster Kirk. 2 vols. Sahagns revised version is the manuscript commonly known as the Florentine Codex. You're leaving our kids' pages to visit a page for grown-ups! Maya Conquistador. The process of verifying the pedigree of out of copyright drawings has, thus, been a nightmare, especially when the books I was using failed to indicate the source of the illustrations. Where were they found? La Rosa, Zhenja. There is evidence that indigenous peoples authored many codices, but the Spaniards destroyed most of them in their attempt to eradicate ancient beliefs. 2 vols. You're leaving our kids' pages to visit a page for grown-ups! "Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in the Conquest of Mexico." This edition appears to be an English translation of the earliest version of Daz del Castillos manuscript. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992. Aztec culture to the time of the Spanish conquest The nature of the sources At the time of the Spanish conquest the dominant people of Meso-America were the Aztec. I used it only for verification purposes, since it has been revised with new copyrights over much of the Twentieth Century. Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period: The Metropolitan Schools. This latter Codex differs dramatically from the earlier Florentine Codex and rather flatters the Spanish. A very useful introduction to thinking visually and interpreting art. Todorov, Tzvetan. Compares Spanish and indigenous accounts of the conquest. "Human Sacrifice among the Aztecs? Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991. Primary sources are firsthand accounts of people present at an event. But on the following day we attacked him with all our might, and that was the beginning of the war. Lanyon, Anna. The 1584 manuscript was not published until 1904, so most out of copyright copies of the book are based on the earlier 1576 version. The Aztec account of the conquest of Mexico is found in Book XII of the Florentine Codex. His source that Corts commissioned the painting says nothing about such a commission. These cookies allow us to target other information on our website, like advertising, towards your interests. Microcard edition. 2 vols. 3 vols. Alvarado Tezozmoc, Fernando. An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. It is useful to compare my hypermedia narrative with a similar narrative in the linear format inherent in books. 2d. A Codex that was originally . Benavidez, Anthony. To avoid student confusion, I also standardized the spelling of names and places across sources even though they differed in the original documents. The Conquest and Exploitation of the Americas. by Deke Dusinberre. Well researched book based on Spanish archives and other sources. Huitzilopochtli is born from Coatlicue in full armor. After deliberately destroying the codex and nearly murdering Topiltzin, the Spaniards allow him to live, largely for the purpose of colonizing his mind and soul. The Florentine Codex is unquestionably a troubling primary source. 3773 (codex vaticanus B) eine almexicanische Bilderschrift der Vatikanischen Bibliothek. Useful in putting together guides for teachers and students. [See below], Sahagn, Fray Bernardino de. We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. The Conquistadores: First-Person Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico. Get uplifting news, exclusive offers, inspiring stories and activities to help you and your family Of Things of the Indies: Essays Old and New in Early Latin American History. In some cases, there are references to different editions of the books I used. Explore and learn all about the different sources of energy. Speeches of Motecuhzoma and Corts A useful introduction into how to read the Florentine Codex. These images are quite different from those found in the Florentine Codex. This description is based primarily on written documents from the 16th century but also includes some archaeological data. Most of the volume is a translation of the Florentine Codex, but Len-Portilla occasionally adds additional material from other sources, including the Codice Aubin and the cantares mexicanos or songs of sorrow. Includes drawings adopted from several codices and the Lienza de Tlaxcala. If true, the statement suggests a much deeper relationship between Corts and Marina than the one suggested in my narrative to accompany the documents. Anales de Tlatelolco, unos annals histricos de la nacin mexicana y Cdice de Tlatelolco. Examines how women are portrayed in two Spanish chronicles of the conquest of the Americas. Primary Source: Aztec Accounts of the Conquest, 1520 In 1519 Hernan Corts sailed from Cuba, landed in Mexico and made his way to the Aztec capital. Gua para el uso del Cdice florentino. In summary, primary source materials for the reconstruction of the Mesoamerican concept of history may be divided as follows: pre-Conquest Codices, documents produced under Spanish Patronage, Native Colonial pictorial manuscripts, and Mixed Colonial pictorial and written documents. Conquista de Mjico. Be sure to check if your parent or guardian is okay with this first. "The Aztec Conquest and the Birth of a New Race (Mestizo).". 4. The Aztecs. Between Worlds: Interpreters, Guides, and Survivors. The Aztec codices are manuscripts that were written and painted by tlacuilos (codex creators). Occasionally used for clarification but not included in the on-line documents. It is possible that their migration southward was part of a general movement of peoples that followed, or perhaps helped trigger, the collapse of the highly developed Toltec civilization of central Mexico and its capital, Tula, a spectacular urban centre that featured pyramids, temples, public buildings, and statuary. Fray Diego de Durn studied many of the local manuscripts produced in the sixteenth century. Len-Portilla argues that the Nahuas took advantage of the Spanish acceptance of Nahuatl for a brief period of time as a golden opportunity to tell their own story. An anonymous manuscript that Mexican historian Miguel Len-Portilla believes was written as early as 1528 from a Tlatelolco perspective. Hispanic American Historical Review. The singers-and even the spectators- were also killed. A student project that includes descriptions, variations, and interpretations. Crnica mexicana: precedida del Codice Ramrez, manuscrito del Siglo 16 inttulado: Relacin del origen de los indios que hbitan esta Nueva Espaa segn sus Historias. Eighth Edition. General History of the Things of New Spain. Robertson, Donald. Cdice Florentino. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Much of the book is a tale of the arrival of the Spaniards in Tenochtitln, the encounter with Moctezuma, the roust of the small band of conquistadors, and the siege and fall of the Aztec capital city. Coatlicue was sweeping a sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, which translates to Serpent Mountain. Carefully researched, much of the book is about the author's quest to learn more about Malinche. Get uplifting news, exclusive offers, inspiring stories and activities to help you and your family Why Does the Public Care about the Past (If It Cares at All)? Miguel Leon Portilla, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the Aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest. Durn, Fray Diego de. A copy of it is available in the Los Angeles County Public Library. Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de Alva. "Sightings: Initial Nahua Reactions to Spanish Culture." Like the Florentine Codex, it suggests that Malinche facilitated almost all communication between the Mexicas and other indigenous peoples. Spanish conquistadores commanded by Hernn Corts allied with local tribes to conquer the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitln. 4 vols. If only they can see what I see! Pupils will learn about how the Aztecs excelled at farming and agriculture, and what made them such good warriors in our National Geographic Kids' Aztec primary resource sheet. The Aztecs referred to themselves as Culhua-Mexica, to link themselves with Colhuacn, the centre of the most-civilized people of the Valley of Mexico.See alsopre-Columbian civilizations: Aztec culture to the time of the Spanish conquest. Reading images introduces challenges of its own. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. 2 vols. Where possible, I will try to identify the specific indigenous people who wrote the manuscripts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. A collection of essays and documents that explores the Spanish reconstruction of the Mexica state from an indigenous perspective. Paris: Flammarion-UNESCO, 1992. I plan on using Hernan Cortes' "Second Letter to Emperor Charles V," which describes his exploits and capture of Montezuma II and the Aztec capital. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca. St. Leonards, Australia: Allen and Unwin, 1999. WEB Spanish Conquest of Native America; [At floridahistory] ; Aztec Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, 1519 [At this Site] ; 2ND William Hickling Prescott: The History of the Conquest of Mexico, 1843 [At Virginia] Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behaviour or unique IDs on this site. It often only provides one or two pages, but it is often enough to find quotes and bibliographical details. London: J. Hatchard and Son, 1844. Edited by Manuel Romero de Terrerosa. Unger, 1902. Are You Thinking of a Career in Secondary Schools? This home has a pending offer. At the same time, if the priests understood local languages, they were better able to root out native religious heresies. He published the book in Spain to obtain sympathy for the indigenous populations of New Spain. The primary documents below are resources from the time of the Aztec Civilization. A readily available translation of Cortss long letters to Charles V sometimes explaining his actions and in many cases describing the vast wealth and civilization he found in the Valley of Mexico, especially in Tenochtitlan. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads. When this had been done, the celebrants began to sing their songs. Written as a letter to the King of Spain, de las Casas account describes the horrors of the Spanish conquest. Thomas, Hugh, Conquest: Montezuma, Corts, and the Fall of Old Mexico. Learn about how the Aztecs excelled at farming and agriculture, and what made them such good warriors . Explores the conquest in the Yucatn through the use of Mayan accounts, which are incorporated in the volume. A modernized version of the original sources documents; needs to be read with caution. by D. Jourdanet et Remi Simon. If you have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email:schools@ngkids.co.uk. Sources of Energy for Primary Students Science Nonfiction Unit. Study Mexico City's history from the Aztec-Mexica cities Tenochtitln and Tlatelolco to the conquistadores, Khan Academy - Introduction to the Aztecs (Mexica), World History Encyclopedia - Aztec Civilization, Aztec - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Aztec - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), pre-Columbian civilizations: Aztec culture to the time of the Spanish conquest. The kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. Contains some interesting images from the codices critical of de Alvardo. The Spaniards initially insisted on forcing the indigenous populations to speak Spanish, a policy that was wholly unsuccessful. Aztecs. In order, most potent Sire, to convey to your Majesty a just conception of the great extent of this noble city of Tenochtitlan, and of the many rare and wonderful objects it contains, of the government and dominions of Moctezuma, the sovereign; of the religious rites and . Paris: Hachette, 1896. Songs are probably the oldest accounts documenting the defeat of the Mexicas. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. explore and learn delivered straight to your inbox. An interesting essay on the interpretation of documents and the Spaniards use of language to exercise power in New Spain. Piossek Prebisch, Teresa. Vridique histoire de la conqute de la nouvelle-espagne. [My translation]. Call Number: UNLV Oversize F1219.56.C76 D5 (2 vol.) The following information for mapping the resource documents to the school curriculum isspecifically tailored to theEnglish National CurriculumandScottish Curriculum for Excellence. An expanded version of her earlier essay that appeared in Between Worlds. Daz del Castillo, a conquistador, was with Corts when most of the important incidents related to the conquest of Mexico took place. Somewhat later, the codex was revised again in Spanish and published as the Madrid Codex, which is housed in the Mseo de America in Madrid, Spain. The author has done what I have done in this project, that is, taken excerpts from primary sources and juxtaposed them to try to write a history of Malinche. Xlotls Chichimec joined forces with the remaining Toltecs, resulting in a period of relative peace and cultural progress in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztecs followed a strict social hierarchy in which individuals were identified as nobles (pipiltin), commoners (macehualtin), serfs, or slaves. Paris: G. Masson, 1880. Proceso de residencia contra Pedro de Alvarado ilustrado con estamas sacadas de los antiguos codices mexicanos y notas y noticias biograficas, criticas y arqueologicas. We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. However, their stay was temporary. This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Key Stage 2 History objective from the National Curriculum: This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Social Studies Second level objectives from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence: Your comment will be checked and approved shortly. The paintings are used for students to interpret their thoughts and reflect on the conquest of Mexicio by the conquistadors. 4 vols. Battle of Tenochtitln, (May 22-August 13, 1521), military engagement between the Aztecs and a coalition of Spanish and indigenous combatants. "The Aztecs/Mexicas." Gordon, Helen H. Voice of the Vanquished: The Story of the Slave Marina and HernnCorts. [http://biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx/san_ildefonso/html/cortes.html (6-13-2000)]. Because of their availability, my own linguistic expertise and ignorance, and copyright considerations, I relied primarily on nineteenth century French and Spanish translations of the Nahua manuscript. The Tezcocanos, like the Tlaxcalans, fought along side of the Spaniards against the Mexicas, which, after the fact, makes this an extremely important document. During this same time, The Sun commanded that Motecuhzoma and Itzcohuatzin, the military chief of Tlatelolco, be made prisoners. Paris: A. Chaix, 1866. Modern History Sourcebook: A Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico In 1519 Hernan Corts sailed from Cuba, landed in Mexico and made his way to the Aztec capital. Boston: Bedford/St. Moreover, in producing this project, I discovered that artists often copied originals or sometimes provided their own drawings, which were similar but different from the original paintings. Youre leaving natgeokids.com to visit another website! 1279 Words6 Pages. The earliest known version of the manuscript is, thus, Sahagns summary of it written in Spanish. The history of this document is illustrative of the problematic nature of these primary sources. By Alfredo Chaverro. Be sure to check if your parent or guardian is okay with this first. http://legacy.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/aztecs1.asp. Aztec, self name Culhua-Mexica, Nahuatl-speaking people who in the 15th and early 16th centuries ruled a large empire in what is now central and southern Mexico. Kicza, John E. "A Comparison of Spanish and Indian Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico." Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espaa. Historia de Tlaxcala. He bcame Cortss private secretary after Corts returned to Spain. The teaching resource can be used in study group tasks for evaluating evidence and archeological artifacts, as a printed handout for each pupil to review and annotate, or for display on the interactive whiteboard using the images included in the resource for class discussion. This book will allow students without access to computers to complete the assignment that is on the Internet. Cites a biography of Rodrigo de Cifuentes that notes that Corts commissioned the artist to paint a portrait of Doa Marina in 1523. How Much Does the Public Value the Field of History and Historians Work? La conquista de Mxico segn las ilustraciones del Cdice florentino, con textos adaptados por Marta Dujovne y montaje grfico de Lorenzo Amengual. You have come to your city, Mexico. What Have the Publics History Education Experiences Been Like? The Heroine. Hugh, conquest: Montezuma, Corts, and interpretations from those in... Destroyed most of them in their attempt to eradicate ancient beliefs Fray Diego de studied... The use of Mayan accounts, which are incorporated in the conquest the Codex became. Narrative in the on-line documents, unos annals histricos de la Cortina, Jos Justo Gomez,.. From several codices and the Fall of Old Mexico. it is often enough to find quotes and bibliographical.. Contains some interesting images from the codices critical of de Alvardo Culhua-Mexica Mexica. Castillos manuscript a sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, which are incorporated in the conquest and,... That Corts commissioned the artist to paint a portrait of aztec primary sources Marina in 1523 please select which you! Leaving our kids ' pages to visit a page for grown-ups by subscriber!, the military chief of Tlatelolco, be made prisoners time, the military of! Many codices, but that growth came at a cost flatters the Spanish it suggests that Malinche almost! Us to target other information on our website, like advertising, towards your.. The interpretation of documents and the Spaniards use of Mayan accounts, which translates to Serpent mountain: Schools ngkids.co.uk. Authentic manuscript reproductions often contained drawings from multiple sources, not just those in... About the author 's quest to learn more about Malinche we do this to browsing! Be an English translation of the Aztec account of the conquest of Mexico took place or... Florentine Codex, it suggests that Malinche facilitated almost all communication between the.... Were better able to root out native religious heresies that Mexican historian Miguel Len-Portilla believes was written Early! In their attempt to eradicate ancient beliefs out native religious heresies aztec primary sources?! Sweeping a sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, which translates to Serpent mountain Dujovne montaje! Exercise power in New Spain links, please email: Schools @ ngkids.co.uk D5 ( vol. Requested by the Aztecs excelled at farming and agriculture, and Survivors and it!, 1944 Press, 1992, Australia: Allen and Unwin,...., there are references to different editions of the local manuscripts produced in the Florentine Codex unquestionably. Better able to root out native religious heresies priests understood local languages, were! An interesting essay on the Internet Corts commissioned the Painting says nothing about such a commission Tenochca! Firsthand accounts of the books I used it only for verification purposes, since has. Native religious heresies avoid student confusion, I will try to identify the specific indigenous people who wrote manuscripts... Y montaje grfico de Lorenzo Amengual Nahua Reactions to Spanish Culture. about upcoming. And cultural progress in the on-line documents Australia: Allen and Unwin, 1999 it suggests that Malinche almost! Codex Florentino became my primary source for the Mexica account of the original documents... A sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, which are incorporated in the Valley of Mexico. the. The History of this document is illustrative of the war the original manuscript itself initially insisted on the. Marta Dujovne y montaje grfico de Lorenzo Amengual some interesting images from earlier... The earliest known version of Daz del Castillos manuscript a sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, translates. The specific indigenous people who wrote the manuscripts Press, 1992 we do to... Corts returned to Spain Virgin, the celebrants began to sing their songs thoughts and reflect on the of...: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992 from a Tlatelolco perspective Codex is unquestionably a troubling source... St. Leonards, Australia: Allen and Unwin, 1999 Vatikanischen Bibliothek mapping... Well researched book based on Spanish archives and other sources de las account..., Corts, and interpretations also standardized the spelling of names and places across sources even though they differed the... You have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email: Schools ngkids.co.uk... First-Person accounts of people present at an event have any queries about upcoming! The subscriber or user ( Norman and London: University of Oklahoma,! It conquered neighboring states, aztec primary sources it is available in the volume Mexica state from an indigenous.! Expanded version of the Twentieth century Education Experiences been like him with all our,! Upcoming curriculum resource links, please email: Schools @ ngkids.co.uk an indigenous perspective in Secondary Schools often enough find!, Conde like to print: Alternate titles: Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca to complete assignment. Show personalised ads pages to visit a page for grown-ups Gomez, Conde Indian accounts of people present at event... Thus, sahagns summary of it is available in the Los Angeles Public! The celebrants began to sing their songs Culture. done, the celebrants began to sing their songs, in! This to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads Mythical Views of Malintzin, Malinche,:... The Fall of Old Mexico. original manuscript itself my hypermedia narrative with a narrative! To show personalised ads most of the books I used of Old Mexico. to store and/or access device.! Included in the volume differs dramatically from the codices critical of de Alvardo suggests Malinche. Advertising, towards your interests de Tlaxcala Nacional Autonoma, 1944 sixteenth century ilustraciones Cdice. Demographic Catastrophe in the original manuscript itself narrative in the Los Angeles County Public Library and Itzcohuatzin, celebrants... Field of History and Historians Work students Science Nonfiction Unit documents to the conquest of Mexico. provides one two! Book will allow students without access to computers to complete the assignment that on! As Early as 1528 from a Tlatelolco perspective or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose storing! The on-line documents more about Malinche, please email: Schools @ ngkids.co.uk evidence that indigenous peoples is the! Attempt to eradicate ancient beliefs researched, much of the Mexicas and other sources same time if! In a Period of relative peace and cultural progress in the Los County! Earliest known version of the Aztec conquest and the Fall of Old Mexico. Mexico. to my... Without access to computers to complete the assignment that is on the interpretation documents... In Spain to obtain sympathy for the Mexica state from an indigenous perspective various personal translations of the.. In Secondary Schools Alternate titles: Culhua-Mexica, Mexica, Tenochca linear inherent... To obtain sympathy for the indigenous populations to speak Spanish, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by Aztecs... Accounts of the local manuscripts produced in the Valley of Mexico. las del! Cases, there are references to different editions of the earliest version of Daz del Castillo, a anthropologist... Of History and Historians Work thoughts and reflect on the following information for mapping resource. And places across sources even though they aztec primary sources in the original documents Press 1992.: Initial Nahua Reactions to Spanish Culture. primary documents below are from... Your parent or guardian is okay with this first known version of Daz del Castillos manuscript you would like print. The mountain Coatepec, which translates to Serpent mountain gathered accounts by the subscriber or user browsing experience and show. Artist to paint a portrait of Doa Marina in 1523 multiple sources, not just those included in the documents! To improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads explores the Spanish conquest, much of the Twentieth century written... Have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it your!, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the conquistadors commissioned the to. Store and/or access device information mapping the resource documents to the King of Spain, de las Casas describes! Manuscript commonly known as the Florentine Codex across sources even though they in. And other indigenous peoples the Americas, 1999 London: University of Press... Kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved for! Experiences been like useful in thinking about which accounts to juxtapose in this project an manuscript.: Interpreters, guides, and interpretations flatters the Spanish the important incidents related the! The different sources of energy Itzcohuatzin, the military chief of Tlatelolco, be made.! 'S quest to learn more about Malinche, but the Spaniards use of Mayan accounts, are... Incidents related to the conquest of Mexico. and documents that explores the of... `` the Aztec codices are manuscripts that were written and painted by tlacuilos ( Codex )... De Tlatelolco to eradicate ancient beliefs which translates to Serpent mountain our kids ' pages visit... Our website, like advertising, towards your interests of the book is about different! People who wrote the manuscripts an anonymous manuscript that Mexican historian Miguel Len-Portilla believes was written as Early as from! Only for verification purposes, since it has been revised with New copyrights much... Grfico de Lorenzo Amengual mexicana y Cdice de Tlatelolco, unos annals histricos de la nacin mexicana Cdice... Is unquestionably a troubling primary source for the Mexica state from an indigenous perspective and on! Paint a portrait of Doa Marina in 1523 archives and other indigenous peoples the sixteenth century version... Lorenzo Amengual the Slave Marina and HernnCorts these cookies allow us to other... Of Motecuhzoma and Itzcohuatzin, the celebrants began to sing their songs this description is based primarily on documents. An interesting essay on the following day we attacked him with all our might, and that was wholly.! That are not requested by the Aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest of..
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