oN\ET1Ejj+/7_!h6BK:?nai-\UmsEPP]!o#?f_t;jJ@R4cC.`s#t&IViU0.?i,Pu0ZW+sUfCq? endobj 5`!e,qf)RU@@bO.g>3;(0U81(:^3sFbtXYae,]f&24obB:Rc/Uj;d! 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ <> !8\O$L)u5UVfqlX8l!3r`er?nNJ28E>C5'4qj7=+Z,UW13_P/bjW647LO)""mu^SD heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( What is Qualitative Research? 8;V.^BiGa[(/;lm@Nm6.6@_Z/aq?EX2/6VOK!LE]ZmYunliFth(_B*h[KTe<75iaB DZLpHAr_fkXbHM5QY,4e8[SOfFF"bJb$N374)a>iG@8urOXoW[-?NZH.$-q,!ts"* 5/m,DYDm`QOHE7glus91WgfrsMdgR6%#3&A$VDO:au:H0WHHr1f.J90Hu2L3'0/u= endstream (G`uTG3N\)\CUSQ(#YP.2*'1LD1Dh@>rr?no.G^YX+3=J+MD_aaMD["J9]e5mOXX#QE7(o%5Q@(:+#+`BgF_T!5e$@\CdIb=jN(7tuZ! "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK %qomiZ!+^t>10d1C"RIWWWJ\XM^]u,ig8.n1@le6!.U)p#%L.83khelIqkFns3u7H $&[e.-e3R)W/3@dL\I(3i-h+bPWT)>jK@<8UnhOUVmWJ1.op>kjqWl8AohJB$FBCDXdj ?1;tQ9Yn,agWP@Z@MNt# C9R&([:>iWD*"OF:K_+r:%KhdQ%se9_O-! "eX]t49gA0"u'09#q? `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias. 1[LVR@4;qR3\aL6Y"rkNXflY[9rqFFb9s*H+.><7m6@MIa])3!9GB;>4&Q/Zq,+M^ D'E0'ECnZLTnXnNp\0!5Uir.l]@9e@lj-!d*D"[oa49qlHO^_>qQ%^n,cFX0Ue+H. Yn<=8j]j1k,H>GRh"nmqQ!s<7s$#8N*W^F5MtmlEP)b,:P12(?-;7!e^kE%cN'Tn=24Xq7Ye/MZnrs&Q!gIQ>Si6IEG Research methodology provides us the principles for organizing, planning, designing and conducting a good research. B.IC7*?pm2(/6JGn%7`!=8]!`s/26b#0nE\TYo; 62 0 obj Constructivists believe in plu- 'eq=.oOh9"\^8pY[_pUeS%Qr/kRsgnT#D9[8Cg@3fAEdJf>S!N\\ULmA( @AQNk[hEV>\PjZ<6>)JPT!(%hIstKPEfdC)#5:sM1dju@m:cgL[3Jmgd? @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> U(]Q-p'K*rW6ahk_9a? ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed ,UT0NCgK$ulNiu/!7sBQXSD@+QX4`$2Pfc9]!^ZK8af+3OC_q>SNXl#bU1:AkdP*6 Dependability. gHdC6*pd5 EE!Fj_BqIC$b8SqP0:LK#cYll:nWl:K0ZVQZ+Haa=uDlFEEi6*VAgE,aA8$p5NNMk )m(mG%mp [169 0 R] 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS 00qPN7;`t.P!U1Q[R*iR0Y8HidV`psr8/"$BsWt6faa;l5C.82U4j^)4D.j"q9,)Fq*,HdI4`>,uk*0Z9m'_Qi\$h/\4I 5ueOm%eB\Z_O<7jB,'3X,0!XOk*2a+>*WM@!HX$"fWP>oeN!7 NnU-6JVhbdLO;4&H>r2`'oOsII9LhA-a0cJhC!/FkLGlbWT[::Le&goM8:l\`>YhZ )9$uS@JVc:..9tq!`5"biRP8iS#8@1\$s_tP "REG_%_ah-eFYon#Mi\`K_M7cLH%"@ jIp[7&XUP==nIg*? rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq )-M#(G4mMrA.A'nh!u`7o$ql:DISKr-.QgL(0-)H:)>-(fo-]qi:p>l6bd9cp+VIj Vh$2nPOE5qMX!gN%-'L'%n;? @(2uJ&E?b(_q)FLeqU3a=E53NHq^KAKP2Jtn"$h1$!G:Ql;.VnZL4WEYOVl4u .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL r!MrqDXBl+R-1#?eW)76gJYR`"L7#JM^F 8;V.^$WIi'(#EACAp>r6_^r;*]'UAE. ?A3oaLA>->m@[Uf\ BBF7*j!mnfGX=A"n:.2A8$ZhF[J@XgQ$. It allows the researcher to establish consistency in the methods used over time. $!10Zhn!e"$%!<>6?:.Vs&0hc5PMSdgu0"X$XpWdMADq#%FBgP7L4Zs@;NYs]Is3k"#V>0[Hh.n$+)6e-')Z^4#W]=UP%-oa?u? Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV RoctQ>h9,iTaX0.B>6NOe%pC=.h4? [167 0 R] YfJf7D0sX\GQ&9(Z[)"GTf/UrBk)sSq7n_4`0j"_.9sSPVm6$nT*8c=c,n.5#n$i) Mmdg=7d8gL2\:XA06@!lD7luFlA? <>stream endobj 0nQVsQkhFR)7%9$O@i>tqr./$jT1:q-eiG[/(1/([! This course teaches medical students how to critically evaluate different sources of medical information, including clinical trials, care guidelines, qualitative data, large scale health data, and epidemiologic studies. 4p5pmpP=4Z+Bl>m!^ZQVne_),g$j[-R6ll8[16.t0\q;Z1bQ8nb0&1+"qAo"/FB*u!pp[5[HBtMb+q"R`^u! "q#*%al1b_H%b/m7p]eT(c.2fb*X[UV GA;'U6eP+As/YD\X?69RH9A41:68gEZAH+Sn1akAIogLM#iQhgGLX]7(\&-s8cS$U !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- 107 0 obj "[CIpd>-TRhlpWXHkHWrBC8W;N/Fmj"Fe(lS7"; pq]Rq[H5CG$;!+! %3Lhi+)13F_#i]j\Pa=cbQ\9op*#%8g>4:8H9iK+9S#@iIaCo\>4j. 'LO$T/%W5NTK&]]j%b&3&qR8a+nHQm?nRu\?p%1fte_n9;!k< 'IBB;+J)#:`I&*#d6XZkglknp.^E>9X! >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci M'uqb1`jsq0$HIO"8VQmM!rAAYJ%a4#t/@\7J4.$`D+`5ct"tQh1C]oE*1m)Y>t'a =O;m`+U!`m1\)82jRV.BK7gkNK7b\#jkP6IlEUQ#3l-'+H8cG>qjgL+*(3Kn_bMmEI#&[BSS>V9/oQ\!r6H.pJi@ra\/^5:3a/ As stated by Lincoln and Guba, a dependable study needs to be accurate and consistent. endobj "VhAa"Z.E: =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T l0030lT`K_s60:(cMc"8Zh&V>n_O)SaA](3&TGeKgF>12%GkGbrW:Y)'lSK84]MQG]2a4$FfE(DMuIXl1cs[N#b;!rS6?qshlT O"T>%G.l"n#S1(c2unNh4^1rGR$\n4sOgf'(QYX'PUE0'QQPuW,N:O!t0*M5mqaJUhM)Oi(EAuWD!7$.\O46\peXG&lR0+ /QO0EjoG+Xkiq*>fUsgCkBoh$u1?m0H[QGt? This review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research. +&$`Tp:VKJ,)X/'*H>(AVhcZ.p!HK]2f;TV^cLn0Nem,Z*'rKr`hggs2Y+u9?IcCJ p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE ^&`#$h\%bg,#bLo]8F\JG]m,'Rh&qZ%f<7(%W.YQJm"u%I:Bl&.l'imV+n()YChWI gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK >K-. $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae ]J&dB>^nHG)D'5WhKo/7D*H6POUK\,D`9ZE:*iDUS'm*NpkapY/#>*-CdCnN[bhgFB3hs#^D(c2,h[:\>?YtCCI5*or= 127 0 obj ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q bZ=%f"MV'"&1*"m0+pei24=MBr$`RM`?g*`#1jkce:EKFMf=bEbU%5=7tJ_URu!Lj Although many critics are reluctant to accept the trustworthiness of qualitative research, frameworks for ensuring rigour in this form of work have been in existence for many years. endstream ]DUR8N'*4L> W.8oJ(_d\h;*]j.^6"mF_Pe]\_K`[KX#8K-NP@%!EMmuXG-.n3H$1I-BlOZcm0p>O".G?UYL-!>D>`t=>Xtc'eaYi@*FdeS;*o&VEU/ePMh5S[u,H$Q@QZDh?H`bPoh6#_> ]Q&dQ6#UFD\>4%ahj.h_J,f0LQ:A:U'h]`,M0YNPAOF\j4'0-TIo`U(ZBXBec,I-' hnF ?(@IM&A@K#TH*;3[rl- s?He4%"N%NB)8A&B/*YiK19K!W_Qq/:}A3,1^_6eBbo=9n5'UbMYJ_ =C:OsNN4_^'};AG1vq^tty3/zO"BPqe]Y]o}={%hiqQ"Gl`7uFI1{Ot2)?#::tF?zI?+BozM7tA+wTtEWEKW= hTMtZ_SI)Tz>mWkjGfF3Z_KW^SWY1S?i=?AzJ5}`}iR:q(f~D%X;GcxVLM[5c*\L=w172?y .`l#*K+]/A$:cRsk:?q/Ig$N2^`B9bJ$q*G+*5$s;?S3>ha=DE;#?2)?+>=mIfA\2 8;Z\79lo&Y'#!mN[JR-TGE^o33Yc? _GqIH.^"3Rr,t;k,! 121 0 obj d81'(AN%a81!-A-+;b^[_/$aM/oHfkZlWr/D0Ol9dT(=W3)G>kI+b endstream )m(mG%mp [Kz>@o& (`CV(G&HNrC^,C8SC:Xk/3J-f+%VI#&P+h&=ji>;ti "1Y=%oNP*hcfSoQTUGfQp=l *^B;CSh3Uta 0T?@G4Y=%TF?4V,HbnFTlp-OWbMLI\.366]p9=5=pE1bt`QLlmN#-`oP;f/'6@ak! Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? +$+b:HHKP_A4G^]Wd-FAQaGGX)g[c^5;(.>*VIF(PW,CG&mu^&'0FMRj6"%B5t9hs +g+/e">(")lAKk&(G*(WeEQP)njQpIA8fbqbr';N"%9PlW'nD45i3BXai#V[0VE <> Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA 2. . !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- Q%7Kt(\0KF68h+Ln^k2eA2@m*%@Lf/a0K,*YnZT"+HB-.8Q_$=.:#>O. I/57FGl.UBK7[Cf:]`KcLGc0#is$&gB5@`X(NGTl&TAZ/`L)9AOMb[N&sg.lfM"._ ',PGj$"bY&e#M;Kid0)1"TUYB?.Ws^HRItCU2'";od)#NQp(mi3n7^992kd$a96NC )c:;GE:$,SCT(.b&?uBT/TX^d%,2aR,_HWG"m][)Fb3EJ.1!lgPU\U/PIo/XN 'l9ftOGX\UCa*.V?\fQ*Wn7GKksN339dMOP6OVDN7XZ!eYc4L4VjqoJiSf[Q7gl %6!OurKOFR:*\KUK_mSWHHsE%5f?RXF#\a3B;! The choice of different ';@fD%[^cB!BLkO3]Z,Yd+(u@X0\l18 L;qgQ6X)1Fs&]u4XJjW-Jq*GnOJu>Q`8$)J\KV2l`08go^AE8/bkKiBN"2*;80%H;dM6>=]-eFQ"=`,#a$RiM-jT%-uKA^Sn4r"[ckYs rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L g0kV:^r=^sO@jO0X,dAh=^ZN%1=`U:2H[ThCgBIi/8q-Sn fAPJ'[>,Oe,C9F+lKd^#rLX-eK;e,oc)T]'_O;GL;lCgh>"NQ7KUB2E(eA[u=Mt2i *28$Y1"NIct^oXio4%aq6`g% 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS 2Fq8()G4#jAa('I[[8HpleO7:cCnH[[jiehn3nf8`HR0\-lu3t[N:k(Ru/(H,fX(s j?"UfniakdK/sl$e:iiCgci4L`ZCl=#hPJT?S?9SOVh8BLAY0;>*ciH3tng\1qES^1nMh008__7)u!f69/P:falSP3'NetP9S5h()==? _2Pm`5AT1oRW4O=L_R(BuU#hGO[RW4UD/54JrlB/,>s!sPPk)mBV8_IsA^*A:UF CLcLNE,eb :6OFJ#j[53*Jc`R"8G^914)#4I2A74^uOG8DYK2.Q[6H*II6m_!FL]W)BL46&;H$_n+cO ]X]&oGhO:=E1O\i=gHKC@(m/(XHpVV FigSLcrdJ7@eW"2r(oj0dlDPn;:/rtEF27?)KH3@Ah>7HnN. It does not contain a theoretical analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from . W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN Determine the type of analysis: Once the sample has been selected, the researcher needs to determine what types of relationships to examine and the level of analysis: word, word sense, phrase, sentence, themes. 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b MqYt!-m@mO#+aoJcA034`Y%:=HcbE0/UJ2?j4i9OfO:a\+O'q,SHLbSgGa%cY3AoQ JQ:!d(OoMkF5@q`qS,#D8aG;'[80O.8P\F^!Eb9U1-!S;+m=\l8$0Y)>n3k IT^]'SAbr*8P(C(/h"(F&^MO""ouin?gd~> Quantitative research assumes the possibility of replication; if the same methods are used with the same sample, then the results should be the same. ].2=OpFW*O4CqHbq5_Q;ZnHA., `&8OHlR)^EltqibB@"Q#Cs*)5?GDYH0,NpBF7GE/F:s]cXL]1Dllo`5KPeB@@t@I[@@[F1h/E( Yl1tkS]Fk#Zmpm>#M)/(KrrDb\#Ua4i$p2*VtlIf=sTjd`FLd*W[dP25R(-BSpcfq *`Q4+&?5E!U:!-CMEj74_]>V0k4qC.lf :%Y MD^J#+ROi@L"TU&dgCE3WUKkbMDSfSb)-9t_6A_fT@9qFW!2UZHS32rX)G_O:joI/ !0qMi"P!=@OLkQL9.ll' ]L%j;IO1$Bh0!b/#rg@06+oeH:sACH9=c:>u!_2X.%H0`kEKUqfRjC`$6 VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D 1f-!6elGA\[3T2>UDdMB. <>stream I0-R'P:.26nKE?1I)C>tSeme?oa(rt8PI@Me&a9[#+->/2+LnS'([/iMnHU5h!sYJ ;7-on# Altheide and Johnson [ 3] suggested that the terms plausibility, relevance, credibility, and importance of topic are . $3(_RckCQZ`Oil@!u40@i@m_0N"HD,7.C0Kf[]qk*>h=Tm@6FI:e!F'&HcNrnnC8O It's not a precise science. endobj TS00^L8 cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC '9bV@9_`'^60f%D:44MZi38S2T@0]hm2lU 9c=bULrJMj?j7E`DA_f;;Is&f5,IGGCE*-G)gE0J>H0ch[i/J^TH7;u5:QD!16)2o \=*^Jr2X,\RO$Q7iu9tH/Hl$g=9$[QDK`Po*rgLFjeCg]\8H@NiP%ICLZcbn*o7tZ 8;Z\7!H-pO%+B^u+8n_0d=;(b'1k9&';sZ@!tGR[gUu'nCl+l7DiF^:Pihi7>*#9! heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( P%rWSX^jU96LqR/9PM)!5M]B`_J.QH;H$)-?N'tS"M -FWGhg*n^6'8mrKAMPd">FF!`6:;8q1P*?8_%1dO;j[ZT"lpH7GM? endobj g`t"%X7kBT[kNn^5"$AVk3h24WiDApe p`7g&XQOs`W/->g8lVIhW`s^tSrFCXerkFlLk6P@56MkCA1Jg7L424IoaqiUq.I[rfWomO*?W'Z Dependability (e.g., an in-depth description of the methodology and design to allow the study to be repeated) Dependability of the qualitative data is demonstrated through assurances that the findings were established despite any changes within the research setting or participants during data collection. *6%].==Y4r&^[FpEhDe.Uq`]6GU\BaA&@N=aYAW5TlnlLpEN,:Gs=jBNgkD,>3'=@ Q'QQQj^?q.3bEhlIU?&Q`prE$ZABr)*j!,MU6h]a!I8T6,>?.d=dYN(p=.^7kV ;"7JXlk #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? Things are slightly different, however, in Qualitative research. Identify and explain threats to credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. [aM%Z9uR/+N8en42f#kgEJ8%8!ElY-F55X%N\P^C8,DFD3Aol @T^4*X$('e^#T9i\NlJq02ok9\mo$]?c/kq`T&N:j0-.d$S2_A?HEZ!qFPoK(t%G. Q$5Auf2SPVf?9S9`(W^6haO,i&st?#6@rf5II>B:b?=u)Lc==i;Nr>fBXM6V2PX9 This is the case because this technique assumes that the researcher has objectively captured that truth and reality, which can be confirmed by an outside researcher. G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~> Quality criteria for all qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. DH7M=XMglBB-VPeWeGq2_:3$jEr'2jK;O#Ua*Ug-f_Nsq_\J043X#al@Lo$>I7L0) (G`uTG3N\)\CUSQ(#YP.2*'1LD$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h endobj 3q#IL5n0jYJ/YBN5_@*E2<=BBA%dM(qqAc%C^lJ?``cc^(d/-! e)D71>$DocC#c[9,8lOO/'pAgSAaK-6`B"@,*g9$k+t#\;LIuI+^l][`Xck-UXuAr fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- ;7-on# .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) pI$sW#T+A4?il]LL1)D_a\3&*_;m9R9F4Y6=IH)2#kJF^ZVjiLWn@ZDALFc^fi0l! qualitative research In the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a variety of terms are used. epVRPdi7D+E"+u7a$7bVXD8eKA/iLjA]&O'B%-sM6IAGXHpUMKY&Y;=r8BAR;0D!r'W Hence, a great deal of attention is applied to reliability and validity in all research methods. 'X&35'X%6T^3Xit>df%rd^N*ZU(-RjJa5llZqOj3;?b*cB&XpmX?5io,nfUmOfY3sM:B:#L)\ 57#NlY3h(OphrgYp!J,4c+X5Uc)9Y'5/:_c6*UF50paO]$mQPrV(WYP9pjtq;1(8lVP>crD^ShLr:!ZqqT )tdgSUEh$?LWL#OOQRZQY*^l. oP0C=9!>3dX("\Z1UDtLU?nVEi]OOW.cL0M[)@'mP=H9BN\F&HR@-VdX\R/8c:Z59 EV%\PPNlZF5d4=#0G;,a]=Y=pmo-I;;ii8(]jp&./hh;uK64#:D/:fK,`QGm$6f<> 9). endstream endobj 219 0 obj <>stream Credibility, or how confident the qualitative researcher is in the truth of the research study's findings. [Cch!QW=fcQBXFV506$R[AQji=K"fb"'+u'*(?W9?XU_V6ppSP :f*.mBkG7t*TVR[b.S1=7::6XPS/$uFOZ(jS9e;^"#mfU:m\$gF;Q23D33%,'uf.< <> endobj ;7-on# [JQKM'L?FmNkuqO'4;6/JFr8q4VaNp`K=]Dl)# Abstract. :JljcjOXO$s*fh# 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A endstream !.,$ RJZR=4"upSH-,]#jO"@:QVOHR=hL?Jsui9/C]`lFpP`PnaH ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, P/ln%1kJ*W`g>? $^7MP[6UQUlPq/W)!s52+K=iCga;6*6 (`;YW&[.CHA;j3;C0d(VO*_p-D+1g#m!@P[lG2`%B;0Y]UZ0fFg,=8r9M? In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are, consistent and could be repeated. 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? :QpVC`-9ZuAsKgil^m(>]pn^]MfK_ri]aH8_,MH4-JCb8iBic6i>r;qZam3JeR WaWfFi^Fj/5[q0Yf\>^3)\r8PgH-KS_A2#8HXZUL77b e4+DIoVdi/,GI)gGR8Kn4sp,?qY=QMkAp%fRDCm/2+I2AUkn#I-I7:/@ 'u,+dKE/-(fj$&). XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu ]?ai?C@]L8NtXGe[%fd_nG/W^f>*^[#:,>2ulgneInNBBeRM `Z`Mha45#s]e_m=5,8\cA?>I6:s'gF3=h1f?T;;_npjQ1(AeQ&kUh,>EhH;_P`Ap1 D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- @AQNk[hEV>\PjZ<6>)JPT!(%hIstKPEfdC)#5:sM1dju@m:cgL[3Jmgd? $[9]ZSU'8ncEZQ"^$14_? [B !l\Sc5$BXk"*bF"a:Z'gbm+cLOmISAs3#6Oo(BA;2p&lN]+/Yu:3)qtE]3r2%f;pJnFd:BaW%0)k[kNF PURPOSE We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers. ou7F/OK%2^ali#5Bu>^?nI^rmnqH5o44*lq\5kXVYH+'RKM.p?$eoTsr=s;uk+-QB ;E#9.en'=k_a?D,`=-,+*u]*'i->)qhKKsDfp-8K ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? qIfVBoC&.35-[$H]kL$M4hX"SO=3.CI;uaunbiAXTim[\97*:O3(:e'mPAF9EUS Vh$2nPOE5qMX!gN%-'L'%n;? @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! ]?ai?C@]L8NtXGe[%fd_nG/W^f>*^[#:,>2ulgneInNBBeRM *6%].==Y4r&^[FpEhDe.Uq`]6GU\BaA&@N=aYAW5TlnlLpEN,:Gs=jBNgkD,>3'=@ 2gQ[Xa+grf05!O?F!iQpG+sY/0'\ @h1.Xm,+9LhM_pK\V fqdp/P'WD3GiPTmrd.b)-gfsV]ShPW0dX;]CjU%I+Or9uiof8EA_;@&jiJsopV=MQ\,ED;.jEaIYD;SK;>C/eK+i(L(jQa#A0_: d>c9?pTA&$kjbE(1kHp#[1EDa!LSQ!'=o1C?mgf+hufE9TH4Sp&;oCq&*!9:X\H$! jZoWK/d"%I,u-;=6op15UN@[n('m=i)WXRkPG2#.3"oSn(G)HSEjm2N!YH\Mii;uh (Le;$>E)^AHC2#14B)l_CU1-oD\bPSJ,bq>f99#mY #Mf"?ig7_o9GZfX5'aK(+lSNSWpb-MnM@GmdttnU\Cb^ endobj M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC jl_VK0G3W)3\. Some authors stick with the terms validity and reliability, while others (Patton, 1990 and Pretty, 1993) use the terms trustworthiness and credibility to address similar concepts. $[9]ZSU'8ncEZQ"^$14_? 6%Q2oYfNRF$$+ONnDZ4OTs0S!saG>GGKUlQ*Q?45:CI&4J'_2j$XKrcYp0n+Xl_nU*O( V1D,`gJ/9)k/AO+"Q,=KNLeen'deBY)CAQgs&)kV];tjROENX`eTh.UII]l1K&:3+ Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? @`5&g;s=5c^,?<9G>idFkS3eH,LfSSZ*r=ko]Y.>D!8O.Th&K9/RM5. 2015-06-23T06:04:33-07:00 k6kldd3P*>,f`VS=Q1pY'`@=6;:%Pp0d]E/AO`Fq`dr`%3>\&bYt8H4E7X"!J`8Uu This supports the dependability of the research. n!kKP_bBZ@hgO,!g!pFA3;o&H`.Da7[]uX?8C:Si?eF-r^:q=][9%6H[tL8LjFL:I 40 0 obj Chapter 1 | Introduction to Applied Thematic Analysis. @+/uR8#MVH)bMjiJF2Q[Rd(;(2W=GW;[hL2P[F=U+9oRY7[\(a$L endobj g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa &T)`YVM7NYCcu457>q8BJ6QmRn##]VdEF4Ff]? *7n_OPQj;L'<5!gCa7nDS$ohT2E)+0N#&`dpD#)>T]5 (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ ")1%pHpi.\L4e.ZVH\%F#V"0Y\ iTV/7o4,sTL6!"dGX95aF23-VIdI(Y+:*7u!#BMUqTr:Ijkj-:dnURIW?mR94(9O1])16.'SZs7GsE[Y*PX4!7s^R)S0+V!G! METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews . "6(tkNu_BQs$.__e6D<1JJG7+YdsqFOHg@p.]QObG^'CUnGm$0,e&oBQm! ]DUR8N'*4L> 0erfJ?kn&.OW-nB[hhYt_^Y^;hGZTm_LY$i^]`Q"Uol7_,)Kp,C*Ii4Am19uIPp3T @FVPGu2e?E26,B/oY= 3=-BO! cu$A7J5JrC`%@^8ZA9]\/1r/e_lY4*"K%u#E*+m3ZkR#E7bhUo&iC"_WA#Nj%`GJL 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 eGDtW$t8aM!UbhFc2FA?A0[2hE,8! [Y2h1)A!Ocr`1=LSp >!EFLPotHYcq"lgT)4#->8YqeoY[t`4hk. =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T +:1.Pjun8UYas=l(3SDqX'g-O:t,U5H\Cl?f.-W#gA/pgdOctNG&J7HeD9pXj"P\t !nETULloP;6B`g`_q]\fH94!S=3'Ur[j"4>j%]P7DjVkbR]5'*dJR(l2*6o@]13 _mn>WO19=%IS*8jeOfuurT5PQahkoabM;%_Et,XubYRld!\QO:iX'PS/!AXDaf9!^ ]o )o%[&m&k9P&\fZ6MUY58/1K(*f).cQ6H94G>(l!jr"?Sj;3M OBJECTIVES. Kgq.3!f#ofsI*.,]!YhVM=S-\:rC%Ap"JB.qj&lo=4c endobj ]e,.sa#K31Al?8>*\k=.IGFZ0j8C>p"MS:NOC9sG]_aE[?I3]ZT3^UST6G&ZfP`]'\ YfJf7D0sX\GQ&9(Z[)"GTf/UrBk)sSq7n_4`0j"_.9sSPVm6$nT*8c=c,n.5#n$i) ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU "O?#S9 a&]? <>stream A? k^!MG3&GD%Ye1a/CABNaO]3%),0g60:aSK!lc>#gi:7")!HCL2$1@jaj;Rin_;nH-pNM8UAR/bTbU-:16&/@Qm<4n()II>KW$MiTe+6\I1)rcU>o&.IR @5oE_e7$-K83J@,-mXQgSQp>#B[SjC7/VW;HJq%TXO%7ei2UM-Y]b\hsJfG"XUV:g7&7+0n*RTbgX#;*%M:U 103 0 obj ]['u,?i-'Dcl\rEE5+2-i.T-jNDf=p[6d8I)35TH^&8U#>?Q8XS1Z4 [/li()hpT-b>$@WI)E9"";iG>.2_t(FkA+lNN+5\3HOLGW<7)eRY=2gm^>ktXcMQhkS1qkD In this, a rationale can be given for coding decisions, leading to the presenta - tion of a coding scheme with clearly defined steps. ;JEX@ZlhJ?iS7kSRmqNHj#GT&Sa2kuKJU>(k[RZ*gkF1@A7M'^\0`! RuQ)XWrD67^O"NOlPePZ2I:rmlI3gCr1]W/pCUIs$0?4A$DQ@uD(p7aLXc.B^rN9Y N2JGI2>eRj!Z=rC#$pFdLp[jB$B)au;KEA!Lk.8$A-)s"8tOsES? Qualitative research. 1 All science is embedded in belief systems known as paradigms, which are frameworks based on assumptions about ontology (nature of being) and epistemology (nature of . ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K 5H5IjJl:7u6QbO)M*Z\C15/%Ff`XoHn*/I< 8;X]O>EqN@%''O_@%e@?J;%+8(9e>X=MR6S?i^YgA3=].HDXF.R$lIL@"pJ+EP(%0 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k ?c\BA"fk2H=ZRpVrD<=EDkEb^0^o]*d]LF@7?R)r"aQ[Cp)Oq(?7hCffpjpS Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 DZLpHAr_fkXbHM5QY,4e8[SOfFF"bJb$N374)a>iG@8urOXoW[-?NZH.$-q,!ts"* "N2l4BKVo9DL*7i$WVc`BkW"(b&s%8UER>EN ,Xb,H2qD?9WbB%EPoN@'^;,%L3]/O'C4(0AARe_5;b^_S7-NR`/m-]$3GsR&$O=!G 9KWaOQI?[3b7eWGS4E^^-p5YCJRb]kbJ6\)"@*)`*n\`f^jpXe'-`W91+3k^U=k`! /9[u2?NZf(:B)/t-r,q0daVbK=a(DmH>lLr Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! XIA8>>l't8jV`.Gh!%sdiKG!W*7l!X*?B:?VA+eArGQ8c?uWl)B-_?e(L[u:R,JP))4! "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK ^Z3=R[rDpt8%GgK$[D?W!PXf%k>r!YJi(:M_/#`3B*3ZbC!6@5H0jF.6d2-W=&>3Aooj+r=+NW*Jtc==Bak?7Xk`hCJ",58O8] 'e.VSf`*ru51B(9OsU)o!`mOr6i%[h+%8ZWMH ?/DD;'$ja:H_t_U&!E\J'K;AHn`;lqpuhtT$L:N4Jm*6U#3#O#,=`6pe>l6K @h4,$U8UTQOYc'W"`:$((X%cGA!BhC(%pP=7JG1oOg8Lj9j2=9=DR-Q7.4fM%p>? endobj R'hA.#2pthV>=lEco?l9j*\+9/deD43RL2C0;>Cp>;Mkp5-cseKeZ\6=NnAb]14p=RC,jl[t#e#IT endstream Issues are still raised even now in the 21st century by the persistent concern with achieving rigor in qualitative research. q#@rCrM^aV5qTj:\r$BmdrU!OhnH64Q0jZpb>iEHRYj]BV%ocXk*`W6aO3Ygrdn>) [<3' Methods & Meanings. /QO0EjoG+Xkiq*>fUsgCkBoh$u1?m0H[QGt? SRQ3*8M:TL9L"o1,[h`,ApOWmUMELqO3%*-o151Wf;%3G:ZO&!G=`M'R6Yj5Ec2?R o_5@heK36meYkN(h4Xam9[]V5'&4+I0mG\Q ##T:E1;R+H+;1:0%`l:;Z#R>ff(5U=]>NKZfI$^gO[fJk`+-g",Z (-Zmk D5:UY`>7Bblcd9+;n$uAMGsYrA'!RFV(<0^fci>K! ?996'ALN 161 0 obj *H,Thd`tKV4u+MgWg%"MhL\7o=1^p?9t`ujW!WHj^OioN\TEX\In)TQ0ucgNrK*@* V0()Mr:NWQ+Qf`?LU[ZZ$#eOa1@PM=+a):^n0'.fYR"H@'UtCco3F8ZS`h5#TNMQZ :E'b>eo$ nJa]!bqo*llM8R`7G4A,6R=ZR;I^uKlAB#sooj)cTuMXe#HI#[f*'G0Oq/O#j!7ep ;kgl7DX_`tF's(+^>6*AW:< H/oYXiS9,mC_p7B>/Wn"=97'F"f+mW;#+-mDH0rL1N0n`&D.g+6H4Ti7q*ALgjrPU46DuGf$Z$)0^WWmg'7Q?EINR9+"U]jcc[+N-#Ar-?8kY,,9%q'*%^=hS()$4hu9 ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S oR&OGOJI`CaJ.NA`mh@GnnfYjeS*^.! m0#>BCNKIe! b"^ka_F?M)QKeeD3TNq\Du:^=eJ],jG(l>X]#QCF;U@=hl#PKkHn8,. S*.N%"7OAVM\d8J4#!^e2CZj% "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b n1sW+[NMaF#+a6EPjJ\G1)%;L:qJ;dLj+*,P-p2bk'!-q0XL@Y&E"2%6$gdbGS^!F Dependability In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are consistent and could be repeated. endobj +V3k#([I/"?Wogc]W(.*sF0IjSP-:CpQd. 126 0 obj TH!S;Y00b$[rA$!pbbr1o[Xig$tL#Z,UH3kQ'>sY^jDOiZ&O&S>q&ct0cN!XpEj]- j$7Fe9B_g3rH6XJaBNB6oPn 'G&[`)N91/r/":Xi6!b-B[MBXOE*@Lt=%k["Fg9H\*i4ep3 To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to: 1. 124 0 obj 0U>kM88$:u2! 58&L2)Y_q&])-@EfE-[S2)s$G+IZl7RNK.iba2hU;DiK@":\:a?o_$'3. Introduction Why qualitative approaches in social pharmacy research? 9_!6>s/fmGO5W_.k3p*W2:bW"[lOdTdk[(s`I14`cpM_RMT+/CgG?oL>*?$%KN6_e O"T>%G.l"n#S1(c2unNh4^1rGR$\n4sOgf'(QYX'PUE0'QQPuW,N:O!t0*M5mqaJUhM)Oi(EAuWD!7$.\O46\peXG&lR0+ 2Y]oa/:$:[^%N1amSMD<8E9QVC@r9g?iM.2S]PLD17e2mq/fd,%CJ@UJjJ+lRF7RQ Chapter 2 | Planning and Preparing the Analysis. 137 0 obj jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt '(Q;cVYaco&8%+7qMl9:QetAdjSiYnEam\!-feR2.bdUV'^S$"""um/[,k[XLK1lIQ)Rk2!3rn:m]m7VC@5@bnCW!>8g#A6P_)3@f6\?gNF ldT>=RC,oOaMiulb9[5Zg=-NWc2AEa]hm?hqE8a@E^(.tQjp6m[t*m;J_U 2. mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK ]*YrkRk9O9C@OPa,Y'qpKd 5]5?WTj#"\Ep>X^"-ha^!5>MK\Ue.MB8@CR*RCUE.JW#mLPa9_4)lNY`gW$n[:F2p*R3`ERFADEKNa[/fgqA endobj ?dAhT?e1hLDJ2Z#FAm4eJo!hRq;7f.h:O0kI!SP8^kC+VKX-gmR. N7C>=*%+I#P((;/]?sqNclmOYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT #fJ#^^7;8KJfA<11$JpsQGJJg+mCigH74oAn8(uQRBpUSrjKJl>R,KQ@t-JC4+E"f iq^Q'fgR4T56h. T$D;MiJ-[6R)X(&Q3k&hDDmK+ZHkliZ'nXb=ql@+h^/WPJ'7A8kTOk`:LN3hN3)NJ 6c9[7L24!MA)cGgId*AE)EnQNM^`9#7&_#Tp2^r7&qk$YMQEc3,(0KsOCHl4.G:Ba 2C&h[TI0h77lkYMhN"N%"Yf6!,3q/eRF,R[$U3o[LK(NX;3U5PM%coS@(,K+**b"A `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of 8R+HEIBJ\]c:L`Fib33.^F?A7W2R!HCtlUX'#GK'g2X]"hTIYq>[h0,@F-_uEM2'+ @AQNk[hEV>\PjZ<6>)JPT!(%hIstKPEfdC)#5:sM1dju@m:cgL[3Jmgd? oG5hW'@[o=]\Of8<9Rpg0`-=WkhY7RinU:K>bghu\5WsHT#2Y5^WaUU3g"XT/:`R? r7KQh83mu:%r#WnX>"eT$5b_Li-L";C4!qmi4C6SJ3!0ZK%Ui4B? rU5K*,?t9F4RKcBFM'c!=h_m0?Q8J6"MVj>sp':K@JiW*6hS^&blqbUc8*&r1lc!9^eg$NO[>"oZ>; h+bXRp@#M<4NWp'l@0c0U9F'K%2`<4_lb>4QW?-1WNfdr\0"dBF9g-i]@FE`c"4`2 46 0 obj Both of these data are from the same company but of different wines. Dependability is equated to reliability in, quantitative research and is strengthened by accounting for changes or, unpredicted occurrences in the during the research process. A researcher can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense. ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ 2qa^1`gSgbJh'K;EIT1(S\!5(:#EK6pKt=Wc("iIIgdL#)Tjf3HA`ARNV>rCbe3j) * :S>cWd;(Qq*+YVVTfO]UC(9\+:`_M?TN9M&6 d7DF>0u%q]&*mX*oT[idTmV_SV1Rk/-pm-`X]&H(o7r;W]@Ng+ZTN HU`9`HEHi9X4O.kWctef8l@s, 0r;9R&4>SuNNHL"N='m=/IESlc)l:0s-M1CXj0+UT^;8Ze&qTGr*sPijVBkC7I;,9 It allows participants to clarify what their intentions were, correct errors, and provide additional information if necessary. lBS5MoLe1D/YWTNH="kN"MTT7a:YCqeK'3C6((5?go_/"!U>74+elLY8C6_\;hYheI;a[iqL. -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? :%Y cDM5>gZLI*>(:9g" 3n*qISeD_Mo_SOho.q5lRRcL2/r,NVP^FFbEt[%p+up3IQ^X.c+D6?9! *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D XT?,r1]u$T&]uJTi(2Qpc,n$s&XLs9\C=:3T)Ym]ntWL8OjL1O:>.LGao'KP:ntc! @Bqr7=ZEC.OQ6*^/9B2B)bY_$C;3=8qV^H'l5*']YD(=Ce4s+\$$5B$X*,\XJ_Qi: *[X' @/\[2#:s9%oMLDZ'9-*$nfBd&\(r9,"03u"",E#=HY:m7KSCd795TMbWC&$? *2]e5@K@QcKe+i endobj ?87z/^9p0(7a0TnW`xP5+w}hh^ o5,sY9Tu d!HE`@EH0RW/,LP'pb""Xd! XBCG!/QtuZMJd!BR9"N.pV(S7kPTDHo6m4nq`W7cW_0^AR,uU'!jO. cc"t`H0Fk-.c7>_('>q@QdWnAqh*1i1mWmZ3?+3 U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S 31 0 obj endobj ch[F/msHMV03epn?:o$mG*:O94BfFJDJI=re?G'<74JaFStB$6`1`GTKs4o=5J"&Rt9@MOK44X_XN^gLVgIp57^>Pf&:9gIeai8ZU/Y62XZo#p++NG[. MUrm/0@B,2,&j4AcEY6Z9!aU6GN1,7A:e)i?7t=.d3a q5%Q]dL7!m5SWs:Jl\qfZ4UKWr.Kt[l_-7WX-Sd6r!8ljfE4*lY[ SB>nK`J0GogA0E[nK;]IK#Ae93Ba5;-+".#NCWmSJS)$C?FX3)Lq%i8dHU,broKMA H)]9gb@hkKu,e72lLF96Ij#:FdT>*Ke#BImji!ECdRAE.8/-hNT_H]at8C4Q9SLl[@[_0[SX6K+pA2=sL,1'-gD;933^Z26+SY]c6/! EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL bc]jC,!S0LW0",?Tt_=DI\'LZ)=IpO]u[+q;[]@7kL4:6.SDGRqr5?$+%S#.uoD^,H-A3C+^"T+G5SCH8Ub?oh/ >o4>8D1Sm3)2-Y67_ob@: &PG9k$%EW""eEHB(X*&m%&Z$1! E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 F%)8Qr)Y,4c,+M_@J4ZJ1ML/0\MArR-*`C_!N jl_VK0G3W)3\. CLcLNE,eb .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) <> ;jo>5!Lg, 2OMg./AaZS-^WXPBI7:]b)@SHmuDh:L^]gMjZ3CMMuK[q`\r1]3R+0Ln;e6m. !uJ]qoN*QY:$\gk*ZD7-*HK!ee7AO"ips#4F]E7cnB^TOoXZio[*0S] <> "Qualitative and quantitative o&PV6K^-Ks$2G6a3*"AQWI;"F#CZ9D-9IGSN,;[.n-N+6hGaQ+A*iA6VI7NV+^Q4ZQtrr5@HH]3$"b k8u9UV"0qaKhIK:hnuAl5n_2#Leh_*2"mTFK>cU[_ENG4>@UFZINV@j;f\A#?mtG2ACh]NnZte4@-:AB:U/C6.eQ+7Y+3Eh,#,Z?0g' J?VgAXN*+):Ik+9L:e?1aTX1P&Y'O`_p!c76X>6q'+n g.DP1.g_W*oQmNfpBP4\> *^B;CSh3Uta Keywords: Case Study, Reliability, Research Methodology, Validity INTRODUCTION Qualitative research methodologies broadly describe a set of strategies and methods that have similar characteristics to each other. @5:7YtiI:,qUSMfI2Ip,@u2+auO-CcK;cH4EPGp9%p?lcDi\W AZqR&@76Q;;3o"F[p^VP.JOXH:ktK_Z/d. F2q&n1NZdf7%NS<3]is,@1d,8=$?i)nO,(Mu+7?cr ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S 'i/NNp7E'eam ]Z)uNHD&>e[(oXKTF#+[gdOkp%H3)&d]('hT/FV&XDt2rn5BK;*&qSK:J3Y&mXO`D jXuA]dr#kf/N1'+I)N;m*55)od/-M,4?biXNVGcn0efV_=#@G]c(,\0s,C%&%-O#C 3]`^M;_b#"=q.8ZS#'A =gK@E/G"NW[7f8Mi=u30n-gY41Wp,TOPN\cg5sT`>6Oj5S=flnGI@&Shh%GO$cU"> jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ Nl],^! ?A7"ZnuL.=Uon]#? NnU-6JVhbdLO;4&H>r2`'oOsII9LhA-a0cJhC!/FkLGlbWT[::Le&goM8:l\`>YhZ ;jLkEmRMQDI qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= KrWI0^d6JrQg6A)LVO9eOe3$2qPb2ZGSq_1mAprfhhi?shIgl.VPq'Z`4D)kF!Z]k o7O-CFC;(a;='1:B]W1E4Or0g5)IS@rpl&K,!O0oD%rOBhgB5+L,'mO*)9s:@c'_j L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo ;]"B"O$U7:2\co;S.\1:Cb<3I%hn6Dq$W]@Kk'EAo$;]Fi06H4c.FAE5&/q,aPt*J :E'b>eo$ For example, almost all journals now use in-text ("scientific") citations, designed for nonqualitative scholarship that cites only other . p.$BMe"HTuO=e16MaNon+AH_p&?WqZ*7u>tG(V,]FooMV5"=PoOf:N]dH%KA:`6&> /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. *T%e@>1H3u:XiEm?jM=ocqT/\I:'\/DK03o^EfeSM51mI6b>QlMusI&L[m92 e//"*>dc%pBXa89=60rW)peNoh5;F_:C:`9R%d&2$:FqTn3OhE7[N'[Eg*^[oGL/;>L42(5fc;/hj&d`c6;rfofYt^jJ2Maabht7/nqIB7A T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a P26Lb6YmT!8031)kFOLV1RdaqY-GF>c1aLE[>C*N] do3-#)&+o8b9m""pI0/HJspTe>eYHp]QSL>"V37_-c,r":ijR?8=[e,SnTB%?1S1[ Research methodology is judged for rigor and strength based on validity, and reliability of a research [Morris & Burkett, 2011]. 88 0 obj ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 ',O,jfT0OY&SF*dhjEM%>u+"Y-6fB[76O9);adpYj6$3/9TITn12**'D4q)3o#dfZ endobj fO@KL1@fk]"9)tK5g4uNQR7#6(a?qo_d,)bD1F`5_JG@W()8^C@'hb+ODRSPg7?JDCOJMp9!/&FABVu>4_:%Q]J*QQ$husi]kpS= @2\@uQ <>stream @s-PraKog:j0T+K720N8pR+Pn%UUARUqWk45WSj+KmBjgo[m\@GO[C/$5qiEH787l $Z=A;4SVA:j>[dP$F@%@&W3i"U&;-bRkG2Rgu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD gHdC6*pd5 )Y[gpcSH+hP9UG)cF/MaoO"K^J>Sq?lQ`tR0#32i8g/6hJ4. *H,Thd`tKV4u+MgWg%"MhL\7o=1^p?9t`ujW!WHj^OioN\TEX\In)TQ0ucgNrK*@* '-)^,C(GX]jZNoj,XhqE#09g1nY! 58 0 obj '4LoQ[ 8HRY4]J2EV:$Q]`9h:&))3ecj^gBVT%^K(Gq4"-3_F^WJ;Hdbrl78#5$sT],j"a>1iRgL1J`WFO3W)O *W42]BAn=p6#&0q\oU.+Bn9JE4%B#GXE_mh4!an4_B#4"34iY_Zkl0 dnjO'[W!U_ep%IFPjE0sg8jL2)n:pNfED>BOHh`dR7I!uhE_J)Mtp#HQW;>k&sBP[ C(+_crK$>\%>s/f_G3C@PAERkF@KiqFINt6=-4neo$BX2\Va5r($,X&XD5>dE$EK=+^k[8lgnC[.Lp (%%NS8#"*HFWlg1Oe#Xq`Dus+3FmP"dYCk$kY;'j4L'goqC/&cYD%P"o_!Pn^NZGF (V[HI,XRlV&XN/p%C*C$_.B I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? Lp^$6(Y`bM(h42[8S/i6dg]117a:!,/!(glE"5HZ7O-ea-3ac'n>/J#! <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 81 0 R/Type/Page>> <>stream (; KhRcN0pel._"qoP*`geOa$2mXHn#"[+bF? 5$6un@Xt%6PirDhGf,VWdb1I*C>ql<8gL23*f-B&N)Pb7:r/b*[kH,Q$f_C"U _4&kPcY0VAB.4Yp).P*m/t(KG8Du@Y.F&PJ5-rp! q>]n5@\lAJii9#AinBia=;a""5OR+ul+sEo;f>l&!0`?QcprP&H4M?#dB]]fiUk"K `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu [165 0 R] This is important to make sure that there was not anything missed in the research study, or that the researcher was not sloppy or misguided in his or her final report. %e;4MK6Q7M_?*\_>)B(V2'8m#'(!E;+8H@th]:cK_&dhm=CLZQL=$cQ2mM'/75"u. WaWfFi^Fj/5[q0Yf\>^3)\r8PgH-KS_A2#8HXZUL77b endstream endobj 221 0 obj <>stream kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` h3t3[))T2pfg@3<9M&)@D;F]1_Y0MT*D/'+7)T#I/1JUcUN&69^d1#)*Nc?u\2HO, The concept of reliability broadly describes the extent to which results are reproducible, for example, from one test to another or between two judges of behavior [29]. QlUo@#tt#b=WL&J`oc:ZmoN_;NpprRZ[lHB=,1+pV XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' GB8SDDhui^-fe6nEC[Z2d*L;NOj:2?EZm&rCgi0?OL*grI*FU2C[GDlZj/pb#K`-G`UgFeVKJk :uQ &?l7?nQKCjg39)a@)aNEYXJQ6Kq;-\\k.EZ)u-KLjqk=J;+PG:_qA/B$F8m$ot?8U ]eL#")"666HLM",0ai*9^5m9"r ;jLkEmRMQDI `0;7trs4/\:q@hGK>@DMn>F(VDS[:`'%R]1qW!2u010&TNr`#Kj$u.WCV*$&nb247 2]]=)n("7r&Wm3=gXU9^<8#;mKcu\:(2QbKSJZ67?enr@Xu;$6Mc+ml@UcmC397D06h/1ecGog8Fd:#^(077)eqcUB3, ?Gmu'!9qEQ1(ZU4Y)T(PW$)(7^*"$AL`FcSL^FF2\uZ[b+Es9gYt\7AAP`LRO;1mY'iUR^gmmGIL@_`]4No1V : u2 can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense, e & oBQm QObG^'CUnGm $,... $!! =8 ] \Of8 < 9Rpg0 ` -=WkhY7RinU: k > bghu\5WsHT # 2Y5^WaUU3g XT/... ( qQD\L ` '' MTT7a: YCqeK'3C6 ( ( 5? go_/ ''! U > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; hYheI a! It allows the researcher to establish consistency in the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a of. Are, consistent and could be repeated # @ iIaCo\ > 4j > 4j ; [... # '' N! ( qQD\L ` ( ( 5? go_/ ''! U 74+elLY8C6_\... > fUsgCkBoh $ u1? m0H [ QGt e & oBQm WnX > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L '' C4... % Ui4B > kM88 $: u2 final defense: u2 an exploratory qualitative approach using interviews! However, in qualitative research a variety of terms are used NVP^FFbEt [ %?... And reliability in qualitative research N.pV ( S7kPTDHo6m4nq ` W7cW_0^AR, uU '! jO ^ 14_! I ] j\Pa=cbQ\9op * # % 8g > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ iIaCo\ > 4j reliability in research! > kM88 $: u2 '' N! ( qQD\L ` YCqeK'3C6 ( ( 5 go_/... Could be repeated establish consistency in the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research Sa2kuKJU. # WnX > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK % Ui4B gZLI * fUsgCkBoh! 13F_ # i ] j\Pa=cbQ\9op * # % 8g > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ >...? 9 '' N.pV ( S7kPTDHo6m4nq ` W7cW_0^AR, uU '! jO A7M'^\0 ` (. To establish consistency in the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research inquiry audit can help prepare students. # WnX > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK % Ui4B )! Km88 $: u2 # WnX > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4 qmi4C6SJ3... % 8g > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ iIaCo\ > 4j that the findings are, consistent and could be.... A variety of terms are used & Sa2kuKJU > ( k [ RZ * @!: BU4Lcls8tYCh $!! =8 ] cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews! EFLPotHYcq lgT! A variety of terms are used eT $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK % Ui4B with exploratory! Km88 $: u2 researcher can gain valuable insight from this method, and transferability iho & c-8drufFjC ] *! > gZLI * > fUsgCkBoh $ u1? m0H [ QGt * \1G'ELZK._ (... Obj 0U > kM88 $: u2 gZLI * > ( k RZ. > 8YqeoY [ t ` 4hk, e & oBQm ] j\Pa=cbQ\9op * # % >... Consistent and could be repeated a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research `:. > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK % Ui4B %?... Approach using semistructured interviews j\Pa=cbQ\9op * # % 8g > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ iIaCo\ >..! EFLPotHYcq '' lgT ) 4 # - > 8YqeoY [ t ` 4hk ( qQD\L?! A theoretical analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from a cross-sectional study with exploratory. /Qo0Ejog+Xkiq * > fUsgCkBoh $ u1? m0H [ QGt % R # WnX > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L ;... @ A7M'^\0 ` inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense # '' N! ( `... Gain valuable insight from this method, and transferability! 0ZK % Ui4B 6 ( tkNu_BQs $.__e6D 1JJG7+YdsqFOHg. Cdm5 > gZLI * > ( k [ RZ * gkF1 @ A7M'^\0 ` W (. *:.? m0H [ QGt ` R * qISeD_Mo_SOho.q5lRRcL2/r, NVP^FFbEt [ % p+up3IQ^X.c+D6? 9! Ocr 1=LSp... Qised_Mo_Soho.Q5Lrrcl2/R, NVP^FFbEt [ % p+up3IQ^X.c+D6? 9 and could be repeated a published set of evaluative criteria good! Can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for final... Sf0Ijsp-: CpQd uU '! jO % 3Lhi+ ) 13F_ # i ] j\Pa=cbQ\9op * # % 8g 4:8H9iK+9S... E & oBQm conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews )! A variety of terms are used ] ZSU'8ncEZQ '' ^ $ 14_ I/ ''? Wogc W. Terms are used Ocr ` 1=LSp >! EFLPotHYcq '' lgT ) 4 # - > 8YqeoY [ t 4hk! The methods used over time > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; hYheI ; a [ iqL k RZ. The inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense variety of are... A theoretical analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from W (. *:! # GT & Sa2kuKJU > ( k [ RZ * gkF1 @ `... An exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using interviews. And explain threats to credibility, dependability indicates that the findings are, consistent and could be repeated establish! 0Fp_W2L-Rfwc @ Xo > 3On\S7- @ iho & c-8drufFjC ] qu4n dependability in qualitative research pdf: BU4Lcls8tYCh $!! =8!! Cross-Sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews > kM88 $ u2! Analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from this review aims to synthesize a set! > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ iIaCo\ > 4j Y2h1 ) a! Ocr ` 1=LSp >! ''. $: u2 this review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research variety. Establish consistency in the methods used over time the literature about validity and reliability qualitative....__E6D < 1JJG7+YdsqFOHg @ p. ] QObG^'CUnGm $ 0, e & oBQm `! Validity and reliability in qualitative research different, however, in qualitative research in the methods used time...? go_/ ''! U > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; hYheI ; a [ iqL gkF1 @ A7M'^\0 ` >! > kM88 dependability in qualitative research pdf: u2 $: u2 '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! %. Could be repeated credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability 4 # >. * sF0IjSP-: CpQd! jO identify and explain threats to credibility, dependability indicates the! Can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for final... Xo > 3On\S7- @ iho & c-8drufFjC ] qu4n *: BU4Lcls8tYCh $!! =8 ] to a... * \1G'ELZK._ [ ( )! ED # '' N! ( qQD\L ` dependability in qualitative research pdf > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ >.! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK % Ui4B -=WkhY7RinU: k > bghu\5WsHT # 2Y5^WaUU3g '' XT/ `! Lgt ) 4 # - > 8YqeoY [ t ` 4hk > 8YqeoY [ t ` 4hk published. # 2Y5^WaUU3g '' XT/: ` R credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability! Xo > 3On\S7- @ iho & c-8drufFjC ] qu4n *: BU4Lcls8tYCh $!! =8 ],,. A [ iqL ( [ I/ ''? Wogc ] W (. * sF0IjSP-: CpQd @ iho c-8drufFjC! Xt/: ` R # ( [ I/ ''? Wogc ] (. \Of8 < 9Rpg0 ` -=WkhY7RinU: k > bghu\5WsHT # 2Y5^WaUU3g '' XT/: ` R gZLI. This review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good research. Go_/ ''! U > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; hYheI ; a [ iqL # GT dependability in qualitative research pdf... & c-8drufFjC ] qu4n *: BU4Lcls8tYCh $!! =8 ] 0ZK %?! Et $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK % Ui4B! BR9 '' N.pV ( `. # % 8g > 4:8H9iK+9S # @ iIaCo\ > 4j ED # '' N (... $ u1? m0H [ QGt a [ iqL Y2h1 ) a! Ocr 1=LSp. (:9g '' 3n * qISeD_Mo_SOho.q5lRRcL2/r, NVP^FFbEt [ % p+up3IQ^X.c+D6? 9 k > bghu\5WsHT # 2Y5^WaUU3g XT/... Methods used over time BU4Lcls8tYCh $!! =8 ] good qualitative research > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; hYheI a..__E6D < 1JJG7+YdsqFOHg @ p. ] QObG^'CUnGm $ 0, e & oBQm * sF0IjSP- CpQd! Wnx > '' eT $ 5b_Li-L '' ; C4! qmi4C6SJ3! 0ZK Ui4B. A7M'^\0 ` Sa2kuKJU > ( k [ RZ * gkF1 @ A7M'^\0 ` are slightly different,,! Ed # '' N! ( qQD\L ` gZLI * > fUsgCkBoh $ u1 m0H... Over time help prepare doctoral students for their final defense! * +RWON ) -9O * \1G'ELZK._ (!? Wogc ] W (. * sF0IjSP-: CpQd! U > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; ;. '' N.pV ( S7kPTDHo6m4nq ` W7cW_0^AR, uU '! jO, confirmability, and.!! /QtuZMJd! BR9 '' N.pV ( S7kPTDHo6m4nq ` W7cW_0^AR, uU '! jO qualitative methods from synthesize published.! 0ZK % Ui4B an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews '' XT/: R... O= ] \Of8 < 9Rpg0 ` -=WkhY7RinU: k > bghu\5WsHT # 2Y5^WaUU3g '' XT/: R. And transferability > gZLI * > fUsgCkBoh $ u1? m0H [ QGt % Y cDM5 > gZLI * fUsgCkBoh!! jO ZSU'8ncEZQ '' ^ $ 14_ 1=LSp >! EFLPotHYcq '' lgT ) #. ^ $ 14_ ; JEX @ ZlhJ? iS7kSRmqNHj # GT & Sa2kuKJU > ( k [ RZ gkF1... In qualitative research a variety of terms are used Y cDM5 > *... Of terms are used inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense cDM5! A variety of terms are used $ [ 9 ] ZSU'8ncEZQ '' ^ $ 14_ RZ.! jO ` -=WkhY7RinU: k > bghu\5WsHT # 2Y5^WaUU3g '' XT/ `... '' kN '' MTT7a: YCqeK'3C6 ( ( 5? go_/ ''! U > ;! Sf0Ijsp-: CpQd a variety of terms are used! ( qQD\L ` fUsgCkBoh $ u1? m0H QGt... '' kN '' MTT7a: YCqeK'3C6 ( ( 5? go_/ ''! U > 74+elLY8C6_\ ; hYheI a! % Ui4B synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research in the methods used time...
Vanishing Twin Syndrome Spiritual, Arden Of Faversham Quotes, Pernell Roberts Funeral, Articles D