dependability in qualitative research pdfdependability in qualitative research pdf
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endobj 0nQVsQkhFR)7%9$O@i>tqr./$jT1:q-eiG[/(1/([! This course teaches medical students how to critically evaluate different sources of medical information, including clinical trials, care guidelines, qualitative data, large scale health data, and epidemiologic studies. 4p5pmpP=4Z+Bl>m!^ZQVne_),g$j[-R6ll8[16.t0\q;Z1bQ8nb0&1+"qAo"/FB*u!pp[5[HBtMb+q"R`^u! "q#*%al1b_H%b/m7p]eT(c.2fb*X[UV GA;'U6eP+As/YD\X?69RH9A41:68gEZAH+Sn1akAIogLM#iQhgGLX]7(\&-s8cS$U !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- 107 0 obj "[CIpd>-TRhlpWXHkHWrBC8W;N/Fmj"Fe(lS7"; pq]Rq[H5CG$;!+! %3Lhi+)13F_#i]j\Pa=cbQ\9op*#%8g>4:8H9iK+9S#@iIaCo\>4j. 'LO$T/%W5NTK&]]j%b&3&qR8a+nHQm?nRu\?p%1fte_n9;!k< 'IBB;+J)#:`I&*#d6XZkglknp.^E>9X! >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci M'uqb1`jsq0$HIO"8VQmM!rAAYJ%a4#t/@\7J4.$`D+`5ct"tQh1C]oE*1m)Y>t'a =O;m`+U!`m1\)82jRV.BK7gkNK7b\#jkP6IlEUQ#3l-'+H8cG>qjgL+*(3Kn_bMmEI#&[BSS>V9/oQ\!r6H.pJi@ra\/^5:3a/ As stated by Lincoln and Guba, a dependable study needs to be accurate and consistent. endobj "VhAa"Z.E: =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T l0030lT`K_s60:(cMc"8Zh&V>n_O)SaA](3&TGeKgF>12%GkGbrW:Y)'lSK84]MQG]2a4$FfE(DMuIXl1cs[N#b;!rS6?qshlT O"T>%G.l"n#S1(c2unNh4^1rGR$\n4sOgf'(QYX'PUE0'QQPuW,N:O!t0*M5mqaJUhM)Oi(EAuWD!7$.\O46\peXG&lR0+ /QO0EjoG+Xkiq*>fUsgCkBoh$u1?m0H[QGt? This review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research. +&$`Tp:VKJ,)X/'*H>(AVhcZ.p!HK]2f;TV^cLn0Nem,Z*'rKr`hggs2Y+u9?IcCJ p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE ^&`#$h\%bg,#bLo]8F\JG]m,'Rh&qZ%f<7(%W.YQJm"u%I:Bl&.l'imV+n()YChWI gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK >K-. $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae ]J&dB>^nHG)D'5WhKo/7D*H6POUK\,D`9ZE:*iDUS'm*NpkapY/#>*-CdCnN[bhgFB3hs#^D(c2,h[:\>?YtCCI5*or= 127 0 obj ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q bZ=%f"MV'"&1*"m0+pei24=MBr$`RM`?g*`#1jkce:EKFMf=bEbU%5=7tJ_URu!Lj Although many critics are reluctant to accept the trustworthiness of qualitative research, frameworks for ensuring rigour in this form of work have been in existence for many years. endstream ]DUR8N'*4L> W.8oJ(_d\h;*]j.^6"mF_Pe]\_K`[KX#8K-NP@%!EMmuXG-.n3H$1I-BlOZcm0p>O".G?UYL-!>D>`t=>Xtc'eaYi@*FdeS;*o&VEU/ePMh5S[u,H$Q@QZDh?H`bPoh6#_> ]Q&dQ6#UFD\>4%ahj.h_J,f0LQ:A:U'h]`,M0YNPAOF\j4'0-TIo`U(ZBXBec,I-' hnF ?(@IM&A@K#TH*;3[rl- s?He4%"N%NB)8A&B/*YiK19K!W_Qq/:}A3,1^_6eBbo=9n5'UbMYJ_
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Quantitative research assumes the possibility of replication; if the same methods are used with the same sample, then the results should be the same. ].2=OpFW*O4CqHbq5_Q;ZnHA., `&8OHlR)^EltqibB@"Q#Cs*)5?GDYH0,NpBF7GE/F:s]cXL]1Dllo`5KPeB@@t@I[@@[F1h/E( Yl1tkS]Fk#Zmpm>#M)/(KrrDb\#Ua4i$p2*VtlIf=sTjd`FLd*W[dP25R(-BSpcfq *`Q4+&?5E!U:!-CMEj74_]>V0k4qC.lf :%Y MD^J#+ROi@L"TU&dgCE3WUKkbMDSfSb)-9t_6A_fT@9qFW!2UZHS32rX)G_O:joI/ !0qMi"P!=@OLkQL9.ll' ]L%j;IO1$Bh0!b/#rg@06+oeH:sACH9=c:>u!_2X.%H0`kEKUqfRjC`$6 VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D 1f-!6elGA\[3T2>UDdMB. <>stream
I0-R'P:.26nKE?1I)C>tSeme?oa(rt8PI@Me&a9[#+->/2+LnS'([/iMnHU5h!sYJ ;7-on# Altheide and Johnson [ 3] suggested that the terms plausibility, relevance, credibility, and importance of topic are . $3(_RckCQZ`Oil@!u40@i@m_0N"HD,7.C0Kf[]qk*>h=Tm@6FI:e!F'&HcNrnnC8O It's not a precise science. endobj TS00^L8 cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC '9bV@9_`'^60f%D:44MZi38S2T@0]hm2lU 9c=bULrJMj?j7E`DA_f;;Is&f5,IGGCE*-G)gE0J>H0ch[i/J^TH7;u5:QD!16)2o \=*^Jr2X,\RO$Q7iu9tH/Hl$g=9$[QDK`Po*rgLFjeCg]\8H@NiP%ICLZcbn*o7tZ 8;Z\7!H-pO%+B^u+8n_0d=;(b'1k9&';sZ@!tGR[gUu'nCl+l7DiF^:Pihi7>*#9! heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( P%rWSX^jU96LqR/9PM)!5M]B`_J.QH;H$)-?N'tS"M -FWGhg*n^6'8mrKAMPd">FF!`6:;8q1P*?8_%1dO;j[ZT"lpH7GM? endobj g`t"%X7kBT[kNn^5"$AVk3h24WiDApe p`7g&XQOs`W/->g8lVIhW`s^tSrFCXerkFlLk6P@56MkCA1Jg7L424IoaqiUq.I[rfWomO*?W'Z Dependability (e.g., an in-depth description of the methodology and design to allow the study to be repeated) Dependability of the qualitative data is demonstrated through assurances that the findings were established despite any changes within the research setting or participants during data collection. *6%].==Y4r&^[FpEhDe.Uq`]6GU\BaA&@N=aYAW5TlnlLpEN,:Gs=jBNgkD,>3'=@ Q'QQQj^?q.3bEhlIU?&Q`prE$ZABr)*j!,MU6h]a!I8T6,>?.d=dYN(p=.^7kV ;"7JXlk #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? Things are slightly different, however, in Qualitative research. Identify and explain threats to credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. [aM%Z9uR/+N8en42f#kgEJ8%8!ElY-F55X%N\P^C8,DFD3Aol @T^4*X$('e^#T9i\NlJq02ok9\mo$]?c/kq`T&N:j0-.d$S2_A?HEZ!qFPoK(t%G. Q$5Auf2SPVf?9S9`(W^6haO,i&st?#6@rf5II>B:b?=u)Lc==i;Nr>fBXM6V2PX9 This is the case because this technique assumes that the researcher has objectively captured that truth and reality, which can be confirmed by an outside researcher. G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~>
Quality criteria for all qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. DH7M=XMglBB-VPeWeGq2_:3$jEr'2jK;O#Ua*Ug-f_Nsq_\J043X#al@Lo$>I7L0) (G`uTG3N\)\CUSQ(#YP.2*'1LD$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h endobj 3q#IL5n0jYJ/YBN5_@*E2<=BBA%dM(qqAc%C^lJ?``cc^(d/-! e)D71>$DocC#c[9,8lOO/'pAgSAaK-6`B"@,*g9$k+t#\;LIuI+^l][`Xck-UXuAr fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- ;7-on# .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) pI$sW#T+A4?il]LL1)D_a\3&*_;m9R9F4Y6=IH)2#kJF^ZVjiLWn@ZDALFc^fi0l! qualitative research In the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a variety of terms are used. epVRPdi7D+E"+u7a$7bVXD8eKA/iLjA]&O'B%-sM6IAGXHpUMKY&Y;=r8BAR;0D!r'W Hence, a great deal of attention is applied to reliability and validity in all research methods. 'X&35'X%6T^3Xit>df%rd^N*ZU(-RjJa5llZqOj3;?b*cB&XpmX?5io,nfUmOfY3sM:B:#L)\ 57#NlY3h(OphrgYp!J,4c+X5Uc)9Y'5/:_c6*UF50paO]$mQPrV(WYP9pjtq;1(8lVP>crD^ShLr:!ZqqT )tdgSUEh$?LWL#OOQRZQY*^l. oP0C=9!>3dX("\Z1UDtLU?nVEi]OOW.cL0M[)@'mP=H9BN\F&HR@-VdX\R/8c:Z59 EV%\PPNlZF5d4=#0G;,a]=Y=pmo-I;;ii8(]jp&./hh;uK64#:D/:fK,`QGm$6f<> 9). endstream
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Credibility, or how confident the qualitative researcher is in the truth of the research study's findings. [Cch!QW=fcQBXFV506$R[AQji=K"fb"'+u'*(?W9?XU_V6ppSP :f*.mBkG7t*TVR[b.S1=7::6XPS/$uFOZ(jS9e;^"#mfU:m\$gF;Q23D33%,'uf.< <> endobj ;7-on# [JQKM'L?FmNkuqO'4;6/JFr8q4VaNp`K=]Dl)# Abstract. :JljcjOXO$s*fh# 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A endstream !.,$ RJZR=4"upSH-,]#jO"@:QVOHR=hL?Jsui9/C]`lFpP`PnaH ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, P/ln%1kJ*W`g>? $^7MP[6UQUlPq/W)!s52+K=iCga;6*6 (`;YW&[.CHA;j3;C0d(VO*_p-D+1g#m!@P[lG2`%B;0Y]UZ0fFg,=8r9M? In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are, consistent and could be repeated. 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? :QpVC`-9ZuAsKgil^m(>]pn^]MfK_ri]aH8_,MH4-JCb8iBic6i>r;qZam3JeR WaWfFi^Fj/5[q0Yf\>^3)\r8PgH-KS_A2#8HXZUL77b e4+DIoVdi/,GI)gGR8Kn4sp,?qY=QMkAp%fRDCm/2+I2AUkn#I-I7:/@ 'u,+dKE/-(fj$&). 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[B !l\Sc5$BXk"*bF"a:Z'gbm+cLOmISAs3#6Oo(BA;2p&lN]+/Yu:3)qtE]3r2%f;pJnFd:BaW%0)k[kNF PURPOSE We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers. ou7F/OK%2^ali#5Bu>^?nI^rmnqH5o44*lq\5kXVYH+'RKM.p?$eoTsr=s;uk+-QB ;E#9.en'=k_a?D,`=-,+*u]*'i->)qhKKsDfp-8K ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? qIfVBoC&.35-[$H]kL$M4hX"SO=3.CI;uaunbiAXTim[\97*:O3(:e'mPAF9EUS Vh$2nPOE5qMX!gN%-'L'%n;? @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! ]?ai?C@]L8NtXGe[%fd_nG/W^f>*^[#:,>2ulgneInNBBeRM *6%].==Y4r&^[FpEhDe.Uq`]6GU\BaA&@N=aYAW5TlnlLpEN,:Gs=jBNgkD,>3'=@ 2gQ[Xa+grf05!O?F!iQpG+sY/0'\ @h1.Xm,+9LhM_pK\V fqdp/P'WD3GiPTmrd.b)-gfsV]ShPW0dX;]CjU%I+Or9uiof8EA_;@&jiJsopV=MQ\,ED;.jEaIYD;SK;>C/eK+i(L(jQa#A0_: d>c9?pTA&$kjbE(1kHp#[1EDa!LSQ!'=o1C?mgf+hufE9TH4Sp&;oCq&*!9:X\H$! jZoWK/d"%I,u-;=6op15UN@[n('m=i)WXRkPG2#.3"oSn(G)HSEjm2N!YH\Mii;uh (Le;$>E)^AHC2#14B)l_CU1-oD\bPSJ,bq>f99#mY #Mf"?ig7_o9GZfX5'aK(+lSNSWpb-MnM@GmdttnU\Cb^ endobj M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC jl_VK0G3W)3\. Some authors stick with the terms validity and reliability, while others (Patton, 1990 and Pretty, 1993) use the terms trustworthiness and credibility to address similar concepts. $[9]ZSU'8ncEZQ"^$14_? 6%Q2oYfNRF$$+ONnDZ4OTs0S!saG>GGKUlQ*Q?45:CI&4J'_2j$XKrcYp0n+Xl_nU*O( V1D,`gJ/9)k/AO+"Q,=KNLeen'deBY)CAQgs&)kV];tjROENX`eTh.UII]l1K&:3+ Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. Hg%6bP(TZeAq/uP`0$Lul^*r*DZaR,I00n>+UpM7^:jSiGG$1k[A#k/9&=+hN>*c2"8a)cpm('0m?p>*8IDX$M9Y:5'Oh2/P#&78=m$.1ndCa+!R2$#=rf>Z44kOc7qSJF8X>(e$4XKBfmVZkBBf'WU? @`5&g;s=5c^,?<9G>idFkS3eH,LfSSZ*r=ko]Y.>D!8O.Th&K9/RM5. 2015-06-23T06:04:33-07:00 k6kldd3P*>,f`VS=Q1pY'`@=6;:%Pp0d]E/AO`Fq`dr`%3>\&bYt8H4E7X"!J`8Uu This supports the dependability of the research. n!kKP_bBZ@hgO,!g!pFA3;o&H`.Da7[]uX?8C:Si?eF-r^:q=][9%6H[tL8LjFL:I 40 0 obj Chapter 1 | Introduction to Applied Thematic Analysis. @+/uR8#MVH)bMjiJF2Q[Rd(;(2W=GW;[hL2P[F=U+9oRY7[\(a$L endobj g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa &T)`YVM7NYCcu457>q8BJ6QmRn##]VdEF4Ff]? *7n_OPQj;L'<5!gCa7nDS$ohT2E)+0N#&`dpD#)>T]5 (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ ")1%pHpi.\L4e.ZVH\%F#V"0Y\ iTV/7o4,sTL6!"dGX95aF23-VIdI(Y+:*7u!#BMUqTr:Ijkj-:dnURIW?mR94(9O1])16.'SZs7GsE[Y*PX4!7s^R)S0+V!G! METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews . "6(tkNu_BQs$.__e6D<1JJG7+YdsqFOHg@p.]QObG^'CUnGm$0,e&oBQm! ]DUR8N'*4L> 0erfJ?kn&.OW-nB[hhYt_^Y^;hGZTm_LY$i^]`Q"Uol7_,)Kp,C*Ii4Am19uIPp3T @FVPGu2e?E26,B/oY= 3=-BO! cu$A7J5JrC`%@^8ZA9]\/1r/e_lY4*"K%u#E*+m3ZkR#E7bhUo&iC"_WA#Nj%`GJL 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 eGDtW$t8aM!UbhFc2FA?A0[2hE,8! [Y2h1)A!Ocr`1=LSp >!EFLPotHYcq"lgT)4#->8YqeoY[t`4hk. =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T +:1.Pjun8UYas=l(3SDqX'g-O:t,U5H\Cl?f.-W#gA/pgdOctNG&J7HeD9pXj"P\t !nETULloP;6B`g`_q]\fH94!S=3'Ur[j"4>j%]P7DjVkbR]5'*dJR(l2*6o@]13 _mn>WO19=%IS*8jeOfuurT5PQahkoabM;%_Et,XubYRld!\QO:iX'PS/!AXDaf9!^ ]o )o%[&m&k9P&\fZ6MUY58/1K(*f).cQ6H94G>(l!jr"?Sj;3M OBJECTIVES. Kgq.3!f#ofsI*.,]!YhVM=S-\:rC%Ap"JB.qj&lo=4c endobj ]e,.sa#K31Al?8>*\k=.IGFZ0j8C>p"MS:NOC9sG]_aE[?I3]ZT3^UST6G&ZfP`]'\ YfJf7D0sX\GQ&9(Z[)"GTf/UrBk)sSq7n_4`0j"_.9sSPVm6$nT*8c=c,n.5#n$i) ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU "O?#S9 a&]? <>stream
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Qualitative research. 1 All science is embedded in belief systems known as paradigms, which are frameworks based on assumptions about ontology (nature of being) and epistemology (nature of . ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K 5H5IjJl:7u6QbO)M*Z\C15/%Ff`XoHn*/I< 8;X]O>EqN@%''O_@%e@?J;%+8(9e>X=MR6S?i^YgA3=].HDXF.R$lIL@"pJ+EP(%0 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k ?c\BA"fk2H=ZRpVrD<=EDkEb^0^o]*d]LF@7?R)r"aQ[Cp)Oq(?7hCffpjpS Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 DZLpHAr_fkXbHM5QY,4e8[SOfFF"bJb$N374)a>iG@8urOXoW[-?NZH.$-q,!ts"* "N2l4BKVo9DL*7i$WVc`BkW"(b&s%8UER>EN ,Xb,H2qD?9WbB%EPoN@'^;,%L3]/O'C4(0AARe_5;b^_S7-NR`/m-]$3GsR&$O=!G 9KWaOQI?[3b7eWGS4E^^-p5YCJRb]kbJ6\)"@*)`*n\`f^jpXe'-`W91+3k^U=k`! /9[u2?NZf(:B)/t-r,q0daVbK=a(DmH>lLr Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C A+o)%\6sgj+@-Q4K/Mj#UN!,2K?dSP$.o63fTXNLK4cD;]d\0uJHaKF$IF! XIA8>>l't8jV`.Gh!%sdiKG!W*7l!X*?B:?VA+eArGQ8c?uWl)B-_?e(L[u:R,JP))4! 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Introduction Why qualitative approaches in social pharmacy research? 9_!6>s/fmGO5W_.k3p*W2:bW"[lOdTdk[(s`I14`cpM_RMT+/CgG?oL>*?$%KN6_e O"T>%G.l"n#S1(c2unNh4^1rGR$\n4sOgf'(QYX'PUE0'QQPuW,N:O!t0*M5mqaJUhM)Oi(EAuWD!7$.\O46\peXG&lR0+ 2Y]oa/:$:[^%N1amSMD<8E9QVC@r9g?iM.2S]PLD17e2mq/fd,%CJ@UJjJ+lRF7RQ Chapter 2 | Planning and Preparing the Analysis. 137 0 obj jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt '(Q;cVYaco&8%+7qMl9:QetAdjSiYnEam\!-feR2.bdUV'^S$"""um/[,k[XLK1lIQ)Rk2!3rn:m]m7VC@5@bnCW!>8g#A6P_)3@f6\?gNF ldT>=RC,oOaMiulb9[5Zg=-NWc2AEa]hm?hqE8a@E^(.tQjp6m[t*m;J_U 2. mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK ]*YrkRk9O9C@OPa,Y'qpKd 5]5?WTj#"\Ep>X^"-ha^!5>MK\Ue.MB8@CR*RCUE.JW#mLPa9_4)lNY`gW$n[:F2p*R3`ERFADEKNa[/fgqA endobj ?dAhT?e1hLDJ2Z#FAm4eJo!hRq;7f.h:O0kI!SP8^kC+VKX-gmR. N7C>=*%+I#P((;/]?sqNclmOYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT #fJ#^^7;8KJfA<11$JpsQGJJg+mCigH74oAn8(uQRBpUSrjKJl>R,KQ@t-JC4+E"f iq^Q'fgR4T56h. 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A researcher can gain valuable insight from this method, and the inquiry audit can help prepare doctoral students for their final defense. ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ 2qa^1`gSgbJh'K;EIT1(S\!5(:#EK6pKt=Wc("iIIgdL#)Tjf3HA`ARNV>rCbe3j) * :S>cWd;(Qq*+YVVTfO]UC(9\+:`_M?TN9M&6 d7DF>0u%q]&*mX*oT[idTmV_SV1Rk/-pm-`X]&H(o7r;W]@Ng+ZTN HU`9`HEHi9X4O.kWctef8l@s, 0r;9R&4>SuNNHL"N='m=/IESlc)l:0s-M1CXj0+UT^;8Ze&qTGr*sPijVBkC7I;,9 It allows participants to clarify what their intentions were, correct errors, and provide additional information if necessary. lBS5MoLe1D/YWTNH="kN"MTT7a:YCqeK'3C6((5?go_/"!U>74+elLY8C6_\;hYheI;a[iqL. -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? :%Y cDM5>gZLI*>(:9g" 3n*qISeD_Mo_SOho.q5lRRcL2/r,NVP^FFbEt[%p+up3IQ^X.c+D6?9! *Q($97e!8l'dE(i!>@WTm$'o?e*FiE?AGD@(?1i(H>L,s=?eoGbLpRrJR_EI#?j&D XT?,r1]u$T&]uJTi(2Qpc,n$s&XLs9\C=:3T)Ym]ntWL8OjL1O:>.LGao'KP:ntc! @Bqr7=ZEC.OQ6*^/9B2B)bY_$C;3=8qV^H'l5*']YD(=Ce4s+\$$5B$X*,\XJ_Qi: *[X' @/\[2#:s9%oMLDZ'9-*$nfBd&\(r9,"03u"",E#=HY:m7KSCd795TMbWC&$? *2]e5@K@QcKe+i endobj ?87z/^9p0(7a0TnW`xP5+w}hh^ o5,sY9Tu d!HE`@EH0RW/,LP'pb""Xd! 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CLcLNE,eb .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) <> ;jo>5!Lg, 2OMg./AaZS-^WXPBI7:]b)@SHmuDh:L^]gMjZ3CMMuK[q`\r1]3R+0Ln;e6m. !uJ]qoN*QY:$\gk*ZD7-*HK!ee7AO"ips#4F]E7cnB^TOoXZio[*0S] <> "Qualitative and quantitative o&PV6K^-Ks$2G6a3*"AQWI;"F#CZ9D-9IGSN,;[.n-N+6hGaQ+A*iA6VI7NV+^Q4ZQtrr5@HH]3$"b k8u9UV"0qaKhIK:hnuAl5n_2#Leh_*2"mTFK>cU[_ENG4>@UFZINV@j;f\A#?mtG2ACh]NnZte4@-:AB:U/C6.eQ+7Y+3Eh,#,Z?0g' J?VgAXN*+):Ik+9L:e?1aTX1P&Y'O`_p!c76X>6q'+n g.DP1.g_W*oQmNfpBP4\> *^B;CSh3Uta Keywords: Case Study, Reliability, Research Methodology, Validity INTRODUCTION Qualitative research methodologies broadly describe a set of strategies and methods that have similar characteristics to each other. @5:7YtiI:,qUSMfI2Ip,@u2+auO-CcK;cH4EPGp9%p?lcDi\W AZqR&@76Q;;3o"F[p^VP.JOXH:ktK_Z/d. 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NnU-6JVhbdLO;4&H>r2`'oOsII9LhA-a0cJhC!/FkLGlbWT[::Le&goM8:l\`>YhZ ;jLkEmRMQDI qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= KrWI0^d6JrQg6A)LVO9eOe3$2qPb2ZGSq_1mAprfhhi?shIgl.VPq'Z`4D)kF!Z]k o7O-CFC;(a;='1:B]W1E4Or0g5)IS@rpl&K,!O0oD%rOBhgB5+L,'mO*)9s:@c'_j L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo ;]"B"O$U7:2\co;S.\1:Cb<3I%hn6Dq$W]@Kk'EAo$;]Fi06H4c.FAE5&/q,aPt*J :E'b>eo$ For example, almost all journals now use in-text ("scientific") citations, designed for nonqualitative scholarship that cites only other . p.$BMe"HTuO=e16MaNon+AH_p&?WqZ*7u>tG(V,]FooMV5"=PoOf:N]dH%KA:`6&> /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. *T%e@>1H3u:XiEm?jM=ocqT/\I:'\/DK03o^EfeSM51mI6b>QlMusI&L[m92 e//"*>dc%pBXa89=60rW)peNoh5;F_:C:`9R%d&2$:FqTn3OhE7[N'[Eg*^[oGL/;>L42(5fc;/hj&d`c6;rfofYt^jJ2Maabht7/nqIB7A T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a P26Lb6YmT!8031)kFOLV1RdaqY-GF>c1aLE[>C*N] do3-#)&+o8b9m""pI0/HJspTe>eYHp]QSL>"V37_-c,r":ijR?8=[e,SnTB%?1S1[ Research methodology is judged for rigor and strength based on validity, and reliability of a research [Morris & Burkett, 2011]. 88 0 obj ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 ',O,jfT0OY&SF*dhjEM%>u+"Y-6fB[76O9);adpYj6$3/9TITn12**'D4q)3o#dfZ endobj fO@KL1@fk]"9)tK5g4uNQR7#6(a?qo_d,)bD1F`5_JG@W()8^C@'hb+ODRSPg7?JDCOJMp9!/&FABVu>4_:%Q]J*QQ$husi]kpS= @2\@uQ <>stream
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Vanishing Twin Syndrome Spiritual, Arden Of Faversham Quotes, Pernell Roberts Funeral, Articles D
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