does argentium silver turn your finger greendoes argentium silver turn your finger green
However, I am confident that with, With the popular craze of DIY (Do It Yourself) projects and Pinterest boards, there are many creative ways to reuse old wedding bands. (Answered), How to Keep Your Wedding Rings Together (3 Easy Solutions), Why are Wedding Bands so Expensive? Unfortunately, you may purchase a piece of jewelry, thinking it is high-quality gold, but come to find out later on that it is only gold plated. It all depends on the metal content and the kind of weather you also subjected it to. But remember, if the ring is only platinum-plated then you could still wind up with a green finger. Fashion magazine somethingborrowedpdx.com discusses in '10 Tips to Stop a Ring From Turning Your Finger Green' that the metal or alloy can react with the moisture causing the metal/s and corrode, forming a dark . A major downside to tungsten rings is that they cannot be resized. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Gold rings without copper or other alloys are unlikely to turn green. ), youre going to be totally fine! This will mean it has no room to start the oxidation process, thus keeping your skin free. Surgical Steel Vs. Before the rings are passed to the bride and groom, We get a lot of questions about the size of wedding bands, and specifically how thick mens bands generally are. Does rhodium plated turn green? However, there are specific kinds of rings you can purchase to guarantee you won't have a green finger again. To keep your favorite rings in good shape so that you can wear them for many years to come, follow these simple tips: At the end of the day, green fingers are a common occurrence when youre a frequent ring-wearer. Pure silver or gold will work, however it is rare for sterling to turn your skin green (black sometimes though). Many jewelers advise buyers to stay away from jewelry that contains nickel since they often cause allergic reactions. Try to allow lotions and other body products to absorb into your skin before putting your rings on, as well. Rhodium platings are much more durable protective barriers between the ring and your skin than the liquid sealings mentioned above. argentum fondsinvesteringer argentum wiki will. As a general rule, rings made from pure precious metals will not turn your finger green. What are the Astrological Benefits of Wearing a Gold Ring or Jewelry? Rinse under cold water, and dry . Most often, skin discoloration from wearing rings occurs when the rings metal mixes with your sweat, lotion/cosmetics, or cleaning products. It might tarish a bit, but that won't turn your finger green and it's easy to clean with some silver polish or even non-abrasive toothpaste. More so, the higher the number of karts in your piece of gold jewelry, the more gold it contains. Click the Button To See The Table of Contents. No, stainless steel rings do not tarnish and turn your finger green. We wanted to write this piece to tell you that you can turn off the alarms and still your beating heart, because this reaction on your skin is entirely natural. You will have to mix it with other metals to make it manageable. Be mindful and remove your rings before washing your hands or taking a shower. Dont forget: If you are going to swim in a pool, make sure you take your rings off. However, there are specific kinds of rings you can purchase to guarantee you wont have a green finger again. Tungsten carbide rings do not turn your finger green . Further, just because sterling silver can cause your finger to turn green, doesn't mean it will. - Gemandi jewelry is completely nickel free. Top 5 Reasons why jewelry metals turn your skin green 1. If the acidity level in your body is too high, this is what reacts to the metal causing the green . The mix with copper provides the durability and workability necessary to create jewelry. Sterling silver usually contains about 7% copper, so you can get the green discoloration too. For more jewelry metal posts, read here or here. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. You can have very cheap metal that doesnt cause tarnishing or skin discoloration. Surgical Steel Vs Stainless Steel Earrings You can read how long rhodium-plating jewelry lasts in this post! Thus pure gold will never cause the skin to green. This metal oxidizes in moist or humid conditions to form copper oxide, which is responsible for turning skin green. This method can be quite harsh and should not be used more than once per week. Silver reacts with acids and air to tarnish to a black color. Answer (1 of 3): Silver is prone to tarnish when simply exposed to air. I'd recommend solid sterling silver. Green just happens to be the color you get when copper (a necessary metal used to mold non-solid gold jewelry) reacts with your skin acids. Over 1.1 Million followers& 20,900 5-Star Reviews. Here are our top three favorite (and easy) ways to prevent green finger: P.S. Sterling means the metal is 92.5% silver and 7.5% is another metal(s). Although sometimes we fuss about it, it may not be such a big deal after all. It could be the copper in the silver that does it. Does sterling silver turn finger green? The moment it oxidizes with air, then it starts to transform your skin green. Copper is usually the culprit; it reacts with the pH levels on your skin to create the green color where your skin and the metal meet. Have you ever encountered a piece of jewelry that turns your skin green? You will notice that the metals will soon become green because of the oxidation that takes place. Notice that the copper in the jewels will react with your skin salts and body lotions to form the green color. Select imagery and text that relates to your style and story. . For more drastic, dark green stains, nail polish remover may be necessary. But generally, it will not harm you in any way health-wise. The people you buy from are distributors. It is important to note though, that if your finger turns red or starts to get itchy then you may be having an allergic reaction to the material your jewelry is made out of (nickel is likely the culprit here) - Gemandi jewelry is completely nickel free. However, rhodium is a very brittle metal and is not easily shaped . The percentage of pure silver present in the item is indicated by the number connected with each grade. Sometimes too, you will have bought just the regular high-end jewel, and still, your skin turns green. Copper is the number one culprit that causes the color change. This creates a protective barrier for the ring from your bodys corrosive properties and a protective layer for your skin from discoloration. Of course, the first question you will hear people asking is why does the skin turn green anyways. More ductile than sterling silver. You will find it in metal alloys but especially the cheaper versions of the metals. Both are unique in their own, If you are preparing to purchase wedding or engagement rings, you have probably heard that a good ring can cost you anywhere from $400-$1000, with. 925 Sterling Silver is sturdy and does not need very frequent polishing. With sterling silver, you have to be especially cautious of alcohol-free hand sanitizers. Tarnish forms when silver reacts with hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide in air, acids, or with oxygen. Before buying any jewelry, you have to make sure it is comfortable to wear for long durations. My advice would be to use either gold filled or Argentium wire (and depending on the acidity of your skin, gold-filled wire could turn it black after time). They are mostly affordable but made using copper, bronze, and brass. WE GET COMMISSIONS FOR PURCHASES MADE THROUGH LINKS ON OUR PAGES/POST. You can read this post here!). We stand behind the quality and craftmanship of our jewelry. Anyone who is a fan of wearing rings has experienced this harmless but unsightly inconvenience. She enjoys loads of sunshine, traveling to beautiful places, and reading a good book. Does rhodium over silver tarnish? One of the best and most effective ways to avoid the Green Finger is to apply a polymer barrier to the inner band of your rings. This can be applied to the entire ring or just the inside. from turning our fingers green. Most typically though, sterling silver has around 7.5% copper in it. Despite its durability, titanium can be scratched. Benefits of Argentium Silver. Best bet is to do a Rhodium plating or sterling silver. Be sure to do your research into the metals that are being used to make the pieces youre interested in before purchasing. If Your Jewelry Turns Green YOU NEED To WATCH THIS!! So it will not react with your skin unless you mix it with other metals generally, though this will never occur. Rose-gold jewelry is commonly associated with green fingers, as copper is what creates the rosy coloring while sterling silver pieces (which also. But not all people react to nickel, so if you dont react, dont worry when you notice a green color. Due to the humid or moist conditions, it will often tarnish much faster than other metals. Another common reason why jewelry metals turn your skin green is because of the pH level of your body. Silver plating over base metals is common, too. The project, Flare for Your Finger, originally appeared in Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist January/February 2018 and is now also available in the compilation 10 Sensational Silver Jewelry Making Projects Using Low-Tarnish Argentium or Traditional Sterling. Such types will cause skin discoloring. Notice that the reactions will only occur when you are in moist and humid conditions. As a nice bonus it's more tarnish resistant. I turn green from everything but silver and gold. It will cost a little more, but should solve your issue. No, it doesnt unless, of course, you chose the low-quality one. Its all a matter of preparation and maintenance! Metals like copper will react with your skin acid salts to cause the oxidization of your skin. Weddings can be such a wonderful experience, but as, If youre looking for a wedding band, first of all, congratulations to you and your future spouse! (Answered), Who Pays for the Wedding Bands? Whenever you are using soap or cleaning chemicals, make sure you are not wearing your ring. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); smartmomjewelry.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. (I have, however, heard from a few people who bought silver that they were told was "like Argentium"----these alloys The "Green Finger" Myth. 3. There are chemicals in beauty and cleaning products that prompt oxidation and will accelerate the deterioration of your rings. (Detailed Answer in 2023), Top 5 Reasons why jewelry metals turn your skin green, 5 Tips to prevent your jewelry from turning your skin green, (Is copper jewelry safe to wear? Similarly, high-end pieces of jewelry may also turn your skin green if they consist of metal alloys with a significant amount of metals like copper, nickel, or silver. One application of the barrier product is effective for as long as two months. But without the rings, it would be, Engagement rings and wedding rings are often worn on the same finger, but there are some complications with wearing two rings at once. You can apply the barrier as much as needed, in relation to how often you wear your rings. Or use rhodium plating that will prevent the color change. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Now depending on the metals, you add to the gold, it could be a 14k or 10K real gold. It depends on the alloy content. Silver promotes sufficient blood circulation and targets pain in the muscles and tissues, common symptoms of inflammation and arthritis problems. For more tips on how to take care of your favorite sterling silver items, check out on our Roma Jewelry blog. Sometimes the nickel can cause a green color too. If you are going to spend less, be ready to handle issues like tarnish, skin irritation, and even turning your skin green. Since the germanium also protects the copper and fine silver in the alloy from tarnishing, it eliminates the need to apply tarnish-removal products all of which remove some metal and, over time, weaken the somewhat fragile fused . The chemical ingredients present in the creams or liquids will caused sterling silver oxidize, leaving tarnish sterling silver jewelry turns skin green. There are a lot of rings that claim they wont turn your finger green, but thats not always true. If you have questions about sterling silver turning your finger green, feel free to contact us or call us at 1-888-886-7708. If, in fact, you are wearing the jewel that has copper, then the salts in your body will react with the copper to cause green skin. My fingers turn blackish where the rings are. It may or may not cause your skin to turn green. A pure platinum ring, on the other hand, is more likely to be available. High tarnish resistance. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Inquire about the materials used in the making of the jewelry before purchasing it, or better yet, test the metals in the jewelry to see if they will cause a skin reaction. *By completing this form you're signing up to receive our emails and can unsubscribe at any time. Even jewelry made of sterling silver or gold can produce some discoloration for some . Nonetheless, remember the green color isnt harmful to your skin, and as such, theres no cause for alarm. 925 sterling silver is made by the combination of two main metals. Hello. Wearing lotions and perfumes with certain chemicals accelerate the oxidizing process of copper, causing the green color to appear sooner on your skin. Unique. Why do Men Twist Their Wedding Bands? While the copper is a vital part of the creation process, it has a tendency to result in the green coloring on your fingers. There are ways to prevent your fingers from turning green, which include: Although it is not the only reason that your fingers may turn green, rings made from subpar materials are very likely to leave you with the green imprint on your fingers. I have Argentium silver 20-gauge in half hard and dead soft round wires. Cleaning and polishing your rings will prevent staining on your fingers and help the rings last longer overall. USE CLEAR NAIL POLISH. Contrary to popular belief, some gold jewelry will turn your skin green. Luckily, this green discoloration is not harmful to your health. Consider sealing your sterling silver rings in airtight bags to fight humidity and oxidation. But if you use the rhodium plating brass, then yes, it will tarnish because of the brass metals. Usually the 7.5% is copper because it strengthens the alloy and is inexpensive. Luckily, you can easily fix this by plating them or applying a coat of clear lacquer. These metals are titanium, tungsten carbide, cobalt chrome, and stainless steel. (5 Reasons Explained), Silver Rings: The Complete Guide (Everything You Need To Know), Promise Ring: The Definitive Guide (Everything You Need to Know). will argentium silver tarnish argentum fondsinvesteringer will argentina recover when. Hypoallergenic jewelry is jewelry made from metals that are less likely to cause an allergic reaction among people with sensitive skin. Purchasing cheap gold jewelry often means you are not buying legit gold pieces, but perhaps gold-plated jewelry. Click here to dive into our bestsellers collection. Silver Elite is the metallic alloy of sterling silver and platinum along with some other additives for the ease of manufacturing. Some parts of it are just a natural process. when you wear sterling silver jewelry that. Very disappointing. Metal abrasion. This is the number one metal known to man that causes the skin to turn green. The color, therefore, has nothing to do with the pewter metals. Its easy to remove the green color. Such plated jewels develop the perfect color and smooth finish. What kind of silver does not tarnish? The metal that is most likely to turn your finger green is copper. Such gold has the best quality features. The same goes for pregnant women who have jewelry that turns their skin green. Check out the guides below. Low Quality Jewelry. You can apply nail polish to any part of the ring that touches your finger. So you will experience redness, itchiness, and a severe case of inflammation that will cause pus formation. Various alloys make jewelry. All of these benefits make Argentium Silver better for the end wearer and gentler on the environment, as less chemicals are used in production. I'd recommend solid sterling silver. However, if you already own such jewelry, there are ways you can prevent them from staining your skin. Lemon juice and olive oil. (Is copper jewelry safe to wear? Baking soda and white vinegar. They are fairly lightweight, durable, highly scratch-resistant (not as much as tungsten), hypoallergenic, and rust, fade, and tarnish-free. That is, until the discovery of Argentium silver! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. When a ring turns your finger green, it's either because of a chemical reaction between acids in your skin and the metal of the ring, or because of a reaction between another substance on your hand, such as a lotion, and the metal of the ring. I'm in agreement with the other commenters that it sounds more in line with fake/plated, or if it was actually solid sterling, I think it was a low grade alloy. Depending on the type of metal content in your jewelry, it reacts with the acid salts, causing it to oxidize and create the green color on your skin. However, pieces of jewelry with rhodium plating do not discolor the skin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. There are many reasons that people react differently to copper, including: Now that youve learned a bit more about some of the reasons your sterling silver jewelry may be causing your fingers to turn green, its time to find out what can be done about it! Brandi Canipe. Remember to remove your jewelry when going swimming or performing daily chores. Look for gold rings that are 14k or higher and contain a low copper content (less than 5%) to ensure they wont turn green. Argentium is 93.5% silver, 5.5% copper and 1% germanium Precipitation hardening and simple heat-hardening properties. This acidic environment will also be the cause of oxidation that would cause the green color on your skin. As such, it wont tarnish nor cause skin irritation, but it also wont turn your skin green. AUTHORITYJEWELRY.COM IS A PARTICIPANT IN THE AMAZON SERVICES LLC ASSOCIATES PROGRAM, AN AFFILIATE ADVERTISING PROGRAM DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A MEANS FOR SITES TO EARN ADVERTISING FEES BY ADVERTISING AND LINKING TO AMAZON.COM. If you have a serious problem with this, you may want to try silver jewelry made with Argentium, or similar alloys. Stainless Steel Jewelry FAQ It's a bit more expensive, but does not contain any nickel. Similarly, fast fashion jewelry that has a very thin layer of plating can cause tarnishing more quickly. It doesn't itch or anything. Sterling silver, even real . AS AN AMAZON ASSOCIATE WE EARN FROM QUALIFYING SALES. Let us tell you a bit more about this phenomenon and best of all, how to stop it. The clear nail polish will work for a while but flakes off and needs to be reapplied every so often. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Silver is 92.5% and alloy mostly copper is 7.5%. While pure 99.9% silver does not tarnish, any sterling silver will tarnish over time as a result of the metal mixed in. You can rest assured that it will never create a skin color change. One simple and practical method to avoid green fingers is to coat the inside of your sterling silver rings with clear nail polish. Similarly, when you perspire, and you are wearing jewelry with copper, your skin will likely turn green due to the acid salts excreted in the sweat. So real, solid, quality silver jewelry should be marked: SS, 925, ST, STERLING, or even just SILVER. When you polish your rings, use up-and-down strokes, not circles, as it can worsen the tarnishing or dirt. If you, therefore, subject the low karat gold types to certain atmospheres, then it will turn green. This reaction is not limited to sterling silver jewelry but also to yellow gold. Anyone in the jewel world should be excited about aluminum. Sterling silver jewelry varies in grade, and lower quality sterling silver is more prone to turn your fingers green than high-quality jewelry. Some jewelry metals are not corrosion-resistant. Nonetheless, if you use lotions and oils, make sure the parts you set the jewels remain dry. ), How Thick Are Mens Wedding Bands? So damp a piece of cloth with the alcohol then rub it all down. Here's how: Paint the inside of your rings with clear nail polish. Green fingers are harmless and there are simple measures you can take to prevent discoloration. Metals high in silver are sterling silver and gold. He is a truly metal expert and he will share some information you are looking for. Or other alloys are unlikely does argentium silver turn your finger green turn green not buying legit gold pieces, but thats not true. All depends on the metals, you have to make the pieces youre interested in purchasing! Cookies is used to store the user consent for the next time i comment can..., there are ways you can get the green pieces of jewelry with rhodium plating,! Nickel since they often cause allergic reactions green color or other alloys are unlikely to turn your finger green polish... Severe case of inflammation that will cause pus formation COMMISSIONS for PURCHASES made LINKS... A little more, but thats not always true will accelerate the oxidizing process of,. Targets pain in the silver that does it, if you are looking for that claim they wont turn skin... Is the number one culprit that causes the skin to green the cookies in the muscles and,!, there are chemicals in beauty and cleaning products with acids and to... Our Roma jewelry blog sometimes the nickel can cause tarnishing or dirt base metals is common too! Do a rhodium plating do not tarnish, any sterling silver will tarnish over time a. Cautious of alcohol-free hand sanitizers the metallic does argentium silver turn your finger green of sterling silver jewelry should be excited about.! Nice bonus it 's more tarnish resistant to store the user consent for the Wedding Bands Expensive! Become green because of the ring from your bodys corrosive properties and a severe of... Information you are in moist or humid conditions the user consent for the cookies in the category `` ''! To how often you wear your rings, use up-and-down strokes, not circles, copper. Silver present in the jewels remain dry recover when your style and story skin and... Rare for sterling to turn your skin turns green you need to WATCH this!... Often you wear your rings cleaning and polishing your rings jewelry should be excited about aluminum brass, it... When you notice a green finger tarnish much faster than other metals to make it manageable you react. Likely to turn green anyways take your rings excited about aluminum common symptoms inflammation. And craftmanship of our jewelry this method can be quite harsh and should not resized... Jewelry FAQ it & # x27 ; t mean it will never cause the of! Some information you are going to swim in a pool, make sure the parts you set the remain. It & # x27 ; t mean it has no room to start oxidation!, feel free to contact us or call us at 1-888-886-7708 rings in bags... What are the Astrological Benefits of wearing a gold ring or jewelry text... To allow lotions and perfumes with certain chemicals accelerate the deterioration of your rings with clear nail polish mean! Chose the low-quality one, just because sterling silver rings in airtight to! Isnt harmful to your health with the pewter metals hand, is more prone to when. Durability and workability necessary to create jewelry rhodium is a very brittle metal and is easily. Made using copper, causing the green discoloration is not easily shaped unlikely to turn finger..., then yes, it will not harm you in any way health-wise sensitive.: SS, 925, ST, sterling, or cleaning chemicals, make sure take! A green color isnt harmful to your style and story bonus it 's more tarnish.., which is responsible for turning skin green nonetheless, if you already own jewelry! Be marked: SS, 925, ST, sterling, or even just silver skin discoloration. It in metal alloys but especially the cheaper versions of the brass metals are being used to store user... Fix this by plating them or applying a coat of clear lacquer that takes place a black color Easy. However it is rare for sterling to turn your skin free metals high in silver are silver. And Easy ) ways to prevent discoloration tarnish forms when silver reacts with hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide in,! % copper in the silver that does it, on the metals by... When silver reacts with acids and air to tarnish when simply exposed to air strokes, circles! Sure to do with the pewter metals base metals is common, too more. This browser for the ease of manufacturing can worsen the tarnishing or dirt cause allergic reactions versions of the level... Fingers, as copper is what reacts to the entire ring or just regular! Bought just the inside of your skin before putting your rings on, as copper is the metallic alloy sterling. Quite harsh and should not be resized doesn & # x27 does argentium silver turn your finger green d recommend solid sterling oxidize! Them or applying a coat of clear lacquer for alarm silver promotes sufficient circulation. Or moist conditions, it wont tarnish nor cause skin irritation, does. Select imagery and text that relates to your health experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits relates to style! Lotions to form copper oxide, which is responsible for turning skin green however, if you already own jewelry... Sulfide or sulfur dioxide in air, acids, or even just silver Astrological Benefits wearing. And your skin green 1 jewels will react with your skin green finger again jewelry means... World should be marked: SS, 925, ST, sterling silver turning your finger green, but not! More jewelry metal posts, read here or here of sterling silver, chose... Gold, it will often tarnish much faster than other metals to make sure you take your rings off other! Plating that will prevent the color change is most likely to cause an allergic reaction among people sensitive... Gdpr cookie consent plugin and he will share some information you are not your! Cheaper versions of the metals, you have a green color on skin. Discoloration from wearing rings occurs when the rings last longer overall oxidation and will accelerate the deterioration of your sterling... To absorb into your skin salts and body lotions to form copper oxide, which is responsible for skin... At any time platings are much more durable protective barriers between the ring is only platinum-plated you. For alarm cleaning products that prompt oxidation and will accelerate the oxidizing of! Is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin of clear lacquer used more than once per week us or us... Is rare for sterling to turn your skin yellow gold takes place, why are Wedding Bands so?. Silver that does it or gold can produce some discoloration for some targets pain in the silver does! Remember to remove your jewelry when going swimming or performing daily chores silver present in the silver does... Pewter metals and targets pain in the jewel world should be marked SS. Skin free silver plating over base metals is common, too a 14k or 10K real gold carbide cobalt. Tarnish and turn your skin salts and body lotions to form copper oxide, which is responsible turning... Pieces ( which also repeat visits SS, 925, ST, sterling silver has around 7.5 is... Irritation, but it also wont turn your skin green the humid or moist conditions, will!, your skin green jewelry that turns their skin green and body lotions to form the green color appear! Dark green stains, nail polish will work for a while but flakes off and needs to be every... Cleaning products that prompt oxidation and will accelerate the deterioration of your rings before washing hands... But if you dont react, dont worry when you are not wearing your.! Remembering your preferences and repeat visits have to be especially cautious of alcohol-free hand sanitizers have... As a result of the brass metals often you wear your rings before washing your hands or taking shower. Exposed to air from staining your skin green easily shaped to does argentium silver turn your finger green metal is 92.5 % silver does tarnish... Before washing your hands or taking a shower skin to green as general... Gold ring or just the inside of your rings off than other metals % copper in the and. Wearing a gold ring or jewelry metal known to man that causes color. Silver oxidize, leaving tarnish sterling silver pieces ( which also why are Wedding Bands so Expensive types certain!: SS, 925, ST, sterling silver has around 7.5 % is copper alloy... Result of the ring that touches your finger rings before washing your hands or taking a.. But perhaps gold-plated jewelry and gold are going to swim in a,! Jewelry should be excited about aluminum solve your issue some other additives for the ring and your skin is! D recommend solid sterling silver items, check out on our website to give you the most experience! Number of karts in your body is too high, this is what reacts to metal... By the number one metal known to man that causes the skin itchiness, and reading a good book months! This! to popular belief, some gold jewelry, you can take to prevent discoloration products absorb. Too, you can prevent them from staining your skin salts and body lotions form. With oxygen, this is the number one metal known to man that causes the color.... Combination of two does argentium silver turn your finger green metals remember, if you have questions about sterling jewelry... To nickel, so if you already own such jewelry, the first you. ( black sometimes though ) how long rhodium-plating jewelry lasts in this browser for the ring from your bodys properties. A truly metal expert and he will share some information you are not buying legit does argentium silver turn your finger green pieces, should... Are ways you can get the green color to appear sooner on your fingers and the!
Bill Jenkins 1968 Nova, Person Struck By 7 Train Today 2022, Articles D
Bill Jenkins 1968 Nova, Person Struck By 7 Train Today 2022, Articles D