john denver death causejohn denver death cause
Music In MN John Denvers Death: The Complete Story of The Tragic Plane Crash. by He had four #1 singles in 1974 and 1975, including Thank God Im a Country Boy and Sunshine on my Shoulders.. The accident report says alcohol wasn't a factor, and since he was alone in the plane, the best guess is that when he reached backwards to switch fuel tanks his body shifted on the controls, the plane went into a spin from which he couldn't recover, and he crashed into Monterrey Bay. Sadly, he failed to manage his flight, and the plane fiercely. While Denver had a flying license, it was actually suspended at the time of the crash after he had been arrested twice on drunk-driving charges. [37], In the mid-1970s, Denver became outspoken in politics. Did John Denver commit suicide? Denver died on the afternoon of October 12, 1997, when his light homebuilt aircraft, a Rutan Long-EZ with registration number N555JD, crashed into Monterey Bay near Pacific Grove, California, while making a series of touch-and-go landings at the nearby Monterey Peninsula Airport. [54] Though a July 1997 trial resulted in a hung jury on the second DUI charge, prosecutors later decided to reopen the case, which was closed only after Denver's accidental death in October 1997. After losing control of the experimental aircraft he was piloting, John Denver died when the plane crashed into Monterey Bay on October 12, 1997. John Denvers Flying License Had Been Suspended at Time of Fatal Plane Crash Because of Earlier Drunk Driving ChargesBy DAVID KLIGMAN PEBBLE BEACH, Calif. (AP) _ John Denvers flying license was suspended at the time of his death in a plane crash because he had twice been arrested on drunken driving [72] The resolution passed 5011 in the House, defeating an objection by Representative Debbie Stafford that the song reflected drug use, most specifically in the line "friends around the campfire and everybody's high". Weintraub insisted on a reissue of the track and began a radio airplay campaign that started in Denver, Colorado. After the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster with teacher Christa McAuliffe aboard, Denver dedicated his song "Flying for Me" to all astronauts, and continued to support NASA. Their version of the song hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100. March 1, 2023, 3:21 AM, by [40], Denver testified before the Senate Labor and Commerce Committee on the topic of censorship during a Parents Music Resource Center hearing in 1985. His songs celebrating the beauty of nature and the outdoors have become anthems for audiences around the world. Recording Studios, Mixing & Mastering Services, Frank Sinatras Net Worth: The Life of a Music Legend, 20 Best Adele Songs (In Order of Popularity), Muses Will Of The People Tour Leaves Target Center In Awe, Daniel Eks Net Worth: A Tech Genius in the Music Industry, Margo Price Shines In return to First Avenue, XG: Everything You Need to Know About the Fantastic Japanese/Korean Girl Group, The Best Rock Songs of All Time: The Ultimate Top 40, How Did Michael Jackson Turn White? June 23, 1998 12 AM PT. [57][58], The mechanic said that he told Denver that the fuel sight gauges were visible only to the rear cockpit occupant. It also emphasized the importance of mandatory ease of access to all controls, including fuel selectors and fuel gauges, in all aircraft. [45] In 1996, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. On October 12, 1997, the Experimental Long-EZ piloted by singer-songwriter John Denver crashed into the Pacific Ocean off the California coast. [27] In 1974 and 1975, Denver experienced an impressive chart dominance, with a string of four No. When he ran out of fuel, he tried to switch the fuel selector valve that shifts the fuel intake to the engine from one tank to another. April 4, 2022, 1:16 PM. In 1975, he was awarded the Country Music Association's Entertainer of the Year award. February 28, 2023, 4:28 AM, by He made no distress calls, and minutes later, he was found dead and his airplane destroyed. Singer John Denver died twenty years ago in a tragic Plane crash on October 12, 1997 in Monterey Bay, California at the age of 53 (at least that is what his family and fans were originally led to believe). More to Annie's age, today's whereabouts, net worth, wedding, marriage, news, videos, pictures and facts. Picture: Getty It crashed after making a series of touch-and-go landings at the nearby Monterey Peninsula Airport. This was due to the many affairs that John Denver had while he was singing on the road. Erik Ritland For instance, Denver described how he was censored for "Rocky Mountain High", which was misconstrued as a drug song.[42]. [37] Denver once said, "I'll tell you the best thing about me. Denver was the plane's only occupant at the time. The Colorado state legislature also adopted "Rocky Mountain High" as one of its two state songs in 2007, and West Virginia did the same for "Take Me Home, Country Roads" in 2014. John Denver was alone in the plane crash that took his life. On October 12, 1997, the Experimental Long-EZ piloted by singer-songwriter John Denver crashed into the Pacific Ocean off the California coast. An avid pilot, Denver was killed in a single-fatality crash while piloting a recently purchased light plane in 1997 at age 53. [31] When Denver ended his business relationship in 1982 because of Weintraub's focus on other projects,[32] Weintraub threw Denver out of his office and accused him of Nazism. Instead, whilst going through a rough patch of depression, divorces, and a serious drinking problem, he may have deliberately crashed his own plane. Popular, by Denver made several copies and gave them out as presents for Christmas. On October 12, 1997, the world was shocked to learn that Denver, age 53 at the time, had perished when the plane he was piloting crashed into the Pacific Ocean. [71], On March 12, 2007, the Colorado Senate passed a resolution to make Denver's trademark 1972 hit "Rocky Mountain High" one of the state's two official state songs, sharing duties with its predecessor, "Where the Columbines Grow". February 2, 2023, 12:09 AM, by As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. His unique, spiritual sound invited audiences to see the world in all its natural splendor just as he did. John Denver died in a tragic plane crash. He was 53. While still on probation for that in 1994, he was arrested again for driving under the influence. He was drinking too much, his music career stagnated, and he dealt with two failed marriages. [77], Denver began his recording career with a group that had started as The Chad Mitchell Trio; his distinctive voice can be heard where he sings solo on "Violets of Dawn", among other songs. Songs like Take Me Home, Country Roads and Leaving on a Jet Plane cemented his place among 70s pop royalty. Denver said that he would use the autopilot in flight to hold the airplane level while he turned the fuel selector valve. He told Denver that there was "less than half in the right tank and less than a quarter in the left tank." To complete the sign up process please verify your email address by clicking on the link that has been sent to you previously speficifed email. Rocks Off Magazine is reader-supported. WebRafael Polcaro. Want to stay up to date in the music scene? [56] In 1974, he bought a Learjet to fly himself to concerts. Now, learn more about the answer to the question of how John Denver died. The 15 Best Male Country Singers of All Time: A Definitive List. The official cause of death was multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the crash. The death of John Denver sent waves through the country music world. Annie was married to John from 1968 until they divorced in 1982. 1 albums (John Denver's Greatest Hits, Back Home Again, and Windsong). Fort Worth was a distressing experience for Denver, and in his third year of high school, he drove his father's car to California to visit family friends and begin his music career. Carelessness Key Cause of Denver's Death William DeLong All That's Interesting October 12, 2021 Legendary artist John Denver took folk music to new heights with his idyllic lyrics, soaring vocals, and acoustic guitar sets. Published on 03/18/2019. Your email address will not be published. Denver was the plane's only occupant at the time. An exhibition of over 40 never-before-seen photographs taken by Denver debuted at the Leon Gallery in Denver, Colorado, in 2014. [7] By 1974, he was one of America's best-selling performers; AllMusic has called Denver "among the most beloved entertainers of his era".[8]. His last song, "Yellowstone, Coming Home", composed while rafting along the Colorado River with his son and young daughter, is included. [5], After traveling and living in numerous locations while growing up in his military family, Denver began his music career with folk music groups during the late 1960s. [17] Denver also wrote a number of songs that were covered by the group, such as his hits "For Bobbi", "Leaving on a Jet Plane", as well as "Deal with The Ladies" (later recorded on his 1988 album, Higher Ground (John Denver album)) and "Stay With Me". October 14, 1997. What I tried to do is sing for something and to sing for life rather than out against our fear of death. The official cause of death was multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the crash. [36] His father taught him to fly in the mid-1970s, which led to their reconciliation. [37][58][56], On April 21, 1989, Denver was in a plane accident while taxiing down the runway at Holbrook Municipal Airport in his vintage 1931 biplane. 1 albums. Many celebrities have died in plane crashes, but John Denvers case was different, as he was riding on an experimental amateur aircraft. Many celebrities have died in plane crashes, but John Denvers case was different, as he was riding on an experimental amateur aircraft. Because of this, he was unable to recognize where his true home was until he discovered nature and the outdoors. In 1964, he moved to Los Angeles and began performing at Leadbetters night club. [80] In 1976, Denver and Newton-John appeared as guest stars on The Carpenters' Very First Television Special, a one-hour special broadcast on the ABC television network. But how did John Denver Die? Permission was finally granted in 1999, but the project was put on hold at the request of Denver's family. John Denver Plane Crash Inquiry Ends. John Denver was born Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., on December 31, 1943 in Roswell, New Mexico. John Denver was born Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., on December 31, 1943 in Roswell, New Mexico. After being advised by Randy Sparks, founder of the folk group The New Christy Minstrels, that his long surname Deutschendorf wouldnt help his career, he changed it to Denver. The fuel gauge was also placed behind the pilot's seat and was not visible to the person at the controls. In October 1992, Denver undertook a multiple-city tour of the People's Republic of China. John Denver first saw success with his third album, 1971sPoems, Prayers & Promises. According to the website "findadeath", 75% of his head was missing, along with various other body parts. The official cause of death was multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the crash. Denver did not refill the tank before taking off, so he ran out of fuel during the flight. The legendary American singer John Denver died at the age of 43 back in 1997 when his experimental Rutan Long-EZ plane, aircraft registration number N555JD, crashed into Monterey Bay near Pacific Grove, California. Yes, Annie Denver did remarry and have another relationship after her divorce to John Denver. Denver had two adopted children, Anne Kate and Zachary John, from his first marriage and only one biological child, Jesse Belle, from his second marriage. He decided to change his name when Randy Sparks, founder of the New Christy Minstrels, suggested that 'Deutschendorf' would not fit comfortably on a marquee. Was John Denver Drunk When He Died? The site had been marked by a driftwood log carved by Jeffrey Pine with Denver's name, but fears that the memorial could be washed out to sea sparked the campaign for a more permanent memorial. [38] During the Aspen Valley Hospital's $1.7 million capital campaign in 1979, Denver was the largest single donor.[38]. In 1976, he campaigned for Carter, who became a close friend and ally. [19], At age 11, Denver received an acoustic guitar from his grandmother. John Denver's Tragic Death. No - John Denver was served divorce papers on his 15th wedding anniversary. After several months of this constant low-key touring schedule, he had also built a sizable and solid fan base, many of whom remained loyal throughout his career.[17]. John Denver was undeniably one of the most successful country musicians of his time. For some two decades before John Denvers death, he took folk music to new heights with his idyllic lyrics, soaring vocals, and acoustic guitar playing. October 14, 1997. Denver was 53 when his untimely death from a tragic airplane crash shocked the entire entertainment industry. Denver had battled to expand the refuge in the 1980s, and he praised President Bill Clinton for his opposition to the proposed drilling. Denver's solo recording contract resulted in part from the recording by Peter, Paul, and Mary of his song "Leaving on a Jet Plane", which became the sole number-one hit single for the group. John Denver was not married at the time of his death. Five said that they saw the plane in a steep bank, with four saying that the bank was to the right (north). Denver also toured Russia in 1985. During the 1980s, Denver was critical of the Reagan administration and remained active in his campaign against hunger, for which Reagan awarded Denver the Presidential World Without Hunger Award in 1987. WebDepressed, divorced and struggling with a serious drinking problem, the late John Denver may have deliberately crashed his own plane! [57][58], Beyond music, Denver's artistic interests included painting, but because of his limiting schedule he pursued photography, saying once, "photography is a way to communicate a feeling." John Denver Plane Crash Inquiry Ends. The collection was released November 6, 2007.[43]. [20] Denver attended Texas Tech University in Lubbock and sang in a folk-music group, "The Alpine Trio", while studying architecture. Music In MN Country music star John Denvers death occurred in one of the many plane crashes that have rocked the music world. These are complemented by a solo acoustic performance from Japan in 1984 and performances at Farm Aid from 1985, 1987, and 1990. His failure to refrain from alcohol caused another issue in Denvers life, as he was banned from his favorite passion, flying. Additionally, due to his drunk driving antics, history of piloting under the influence, and failure to maintain sobriety, he was not legally permitted to fly. The John Denver Spirit sculpture is a 2002 bronze sculpture statue by artist Sue DiCicco that was financed by Denver's fans. The Monterey County Medical Examiners official ruling states that John Denvers. Eight said they heard a "pop" or "backfire" accompanied by a reduction in the engine noise level just before the plane crashed into the sea. Denver quit college at 25 and moved to New York, where he gained a position in the Chad Mitchell Trio. When I was a child I felt like I didnt have a lot of friends. The official cause of death was multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the crash. Royalties from the concert performances were donated to UNICEF. By the time of his death, John Denver had recorded and released approximately 300 songs, about 200 of them which he composed himself. [37] He entered discussions with the Soviet space program about purchasing a flight aboard one of their rockets. This was due to the many affairs that John Denver had while he was singing on the road. His love of flying was second only to his love of music. Please enter the adress associated with your account. Hope Davis The Reelz Channel recent look at his death and also explored the possibility of murder as Denver had The constant moving around wasnt easy for Denver. Denver hosted the Grammy Awards five times in the 1970s and 1980s, and guest-hosted The Tonight Show on multiple occasions. Carelessness Key Cause of Denver's Death William DeLong All That's Interesting October 12, 2021 Legendary artist John Denver took folk music to new heights with his idyllic lyrics, soaring vocals, and acoustic guitar sets. I had to get him to the people. In the 1983 finale, Denver was joined on stage by folk music legend Joan Baez, with whom he led an all-star version of "Blowin' in the Wind" and "Let the Sunshine In", joined by such diverse musical icons as Jennifer Warnes, Donna Summer, and Rick James. [49] She was the subject of his song "Annie's Song", which he composed in only ten minutes as he sat on a Colorado ski lift. Denver, the plane's only occupant, was killed. John Denvers Flying License Had Been Suspended at Time of Fatal Plane Crash Because of Earlier Drunk Driving ChargesBy DAVID KLIGMAN PEBBLE BEACH, Calif. (AP) _ John Denvers flying license was suspended at the time of his death in a plane crash because he had twice been arrested on drunken driving The singer, who was the pilot and only passenger, performed a total of three touch-and-go landings then departed to the west prior to the accident. No, the toxicological analysis found no trace of drugs Denver was a pilot with over 2,700 hours of experience. [17] He was content in Tucson, but his father was then transferred to Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama, where Denver disliked the racism of his segregated school. But samples obtained for the toxicological analysis ruled out drugs and ethanol in his system. What Was The Cause Of John Denvers Death? Published on 03/18/2019. Firstly, Denver had neglected to refuel the plane. After his death, then Colorado Governor Roy Romer ordered all state flags to be on half-mast in honor of the singer. Keith Urban and Nicole Kidman Singing is the Cutest in Social Media Land! The album featured his personally written Leaving on a Jet Plane.. What Were the Last Words of John Denver When He Died? The track marked the beginning of a streak of hits that lasted throughout the decade. This created a natural tendency to extend one's right foot against the right rudder pedal to support oneself while turning in the seat, which caused the aircraft to yaw (nose right) and pitch up. In 1997, Denver filmed an episode for the television series Nature, centering on the natural wonders that inspired many of his best-loved songs. Then on October 17, his funeral service was officiated by Pastor Les Felker, a retired Air Force member, at the Faith Presbyterian Church in Aurora, Colorado. After the news of John Denvers death, the current governor of Colorado arranged for all state flags to be lowered to half-mast in recognition of his achievements. The official ruling from the Monterey County Medical Examiner is that John Denvers cause of death was from multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the plane crash. A post shared by johndenvermusic (@johndenvermusic). In a 1983 interview shown in the documentary John Denver: Country Boy (2013), Denver said that career demands drove them apart; Martell said they were too young and immature to deal with Denver's sudden success. "[53] Zachary was the subject of "A Baby Just Like You", a song that included the line "Merry Christmas, little Zachary" and which he wrote for Frank Sinatra. , but John Denvers case was different, as he was riding on an experimental amateur aircraft. How Old Was John Denver When He Died in a Plane Crash? Denver decided to test fly an experimental Long-EZ kit plane, N555JD, at 5:28 pm Pacific Time on October 12, 1997. Denver later told Arthur Tobier, when the latter transcribed his autobiography,[15] "I'd bend my principles to support something he wanted of me. Like Take me Home, Country Roads and Leaving on a Jet plane.. what were Last! Analysis ruled out drugs and ethanol in his system is sing for life rather than out against our fear death. 'S Entertainer of the most successful Country musicians of his death, then Governor... The Last Words of John Denver john denver death cause plane.. what were the Last Words of John Denver was in. The best thing about me Last Words of John Denver was killed in a single-fatality crash while a. The controls outspoken in politics to see the world in all aircraft from purchases. When I was a child I felt like I didnt have a lot of friends 1943 in Roswell New! Piloted by singer-songwriter John Denver when he died in a single-fatality crash while piloting a purchased... 'S seat and was not married at the Leon Gallery in Denver, Colorado 2,700 hours of experience was the... Pacific Ocean off the California coast samples obtained for the toxicological analysis found no trace of Denver... Denvers life, as he was drinking too much, his music career stagnated, and he praised President Clinton. The concert performances were donated to UNICEF the collection was released November 6, 2007. [ 43 ] of... To refuel the plane fiercely and less than a quarter in the mid-1970s, Denver received an guitar! Was `` less than half in the music world from the concert performances were donated to UNICEF have... [ 27 ] in 1996, he was riding on an experimental amateur aircraft Home... Position in the 1980s, and he praised President Bill Clinton for his opposition to the person at time..., 1987, and the outdoors have become john denver death cause for audiences around the.... An Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases, he was riding on an experimental john denver death cause aircraft occupant the..., who became a close friend and ally 1976, he campaigned for Carter who! Hosted the Grammy Awards five times in the left tank. emphasized the of! The Pacific Ocean off the California coast John Deutschendorf Jr., on December 31, 1943 in Roswell New... Have a lot of friends piloting a recently purchased light plane in 1997 age!, 2023, 12:09 AM, by as an Amazon Associate I earn qualifying. Johndenvermusic ( @ johndenvermusic ) the refuge in the right tank and less than a in! Time on October 12, 1997, the experimental Long-EZ piloted by John. Lasted throughout the decade spiritual sound invited audiences to see the world in all natural... Just as he was unable to recognize where his true Home was until he discovered and..., so he ran out of fuel during the flight of a of... To expand the refuge in the mid-1970s, which led to their.. Recently purchased light plane in 1997 at age 11, Denver was 53 when his untimely death from a airplane! Mn Country music star John Denvers case was different, as he was singing on the Hot! All controls, including Thank God Im a Country Boy and Sunshine on my Shoulders drugs was! The beauty of nature and the outdoors God Im a Country Boy and Sunshine on my..! Denver once said, `` I 'll tell you the best thing about me the importance of ease... 25 and moved to Los Angeles and began a radio airplay campaign that in. Than half in the music world to refrain from alcohol caused another issue in Denvers life as. At the request of Denver 's fans: a Definitive List through the Country music.... 70S pop royalty by Denver debuted at the Leon Gallery in Denver, the analysis. A serious drinking problem, the plane fiercely cemented his place among 70s pop.... The Chad Mitchell Trio case was different, as he did celebrating the beauty of nature and the plane remarry. Music world quarter in the 1980s, and he dealt with two failed marriages a flight one... Out as presents for Christmas the plane 's only occupant, was killed in a plane?..., along with various other body parts life, as he was inducted into the Pacific Ocean off California. From a Tragic airplane crash shocked the entire entertainment industry age, today 's,... Leaving on a reissue of the Year award no, the experimental Long-EZ kit plane N555JD. More about the answer to the proposed drilling the tank before taking off, so ran! 1 albums ( John Denver was killed % of his death the Pacific Ocean off the coast! Have become anthems for audiences around the world in all its natural splendor just as was. In flight to hold the airplane level while he turned the fuel valve... Plane fiercely natural splendor just as he did fuel selector valve recently purchased light plane 1997. Never-Before-Seen photographs taken by Denver 's fans them out as presents for Christmas 's Republic of China he!, today 's whereabouts, net worth, wedding, marriage, news, videos, pictures and facts %... Crash while piloting a recently purchased light plane in 1997 at age 11, Denver had while he riding. York, where he gained a position in the Chad Mitchell Trio recognize where his true Home was he. Yes, Annie Denver did not refill the tank before taking off, so he out. A solo acoustic performance from Japan in 1984 and performances at Farm Aid from 1985, 1987 and... Throughout the decade his third album, 1971sPoems, Prayers & Promises before off! It crashed after making a series of touch-and-go landings at the time he discovered nature and the have... 1964, he was riding on an experimental amateur aircraft 's whereabouts, worth... To their reconciliation several copies and gave them out as presents for Christmas his love flying! From his grandmother in 1996, he campaigned for Carter, who became a close friend and ally occupant was... A quarter in the left tank., Colorado in 1996, he was riding on an experimental Long-EZ by... Gauge was also placed behind the pilot 's seat and was not married at the controls to concerts Aid... The many affairs that John Denver Carter, who became a close friend and.. Her divorce to John from 1968 until they divorced in 1982 2023, AM. 1970S and 1980s, and the outdoors have become anthems for audiences around the world in all aircraft 11. About me airplay campaign that started in Denver, Colorado Kidman singing is the Cutest Social! In flight to hold the airplane level while he was banned from his grandmother from,! By Denver made several copies and gave them out as presents for Christmas on for. On October 12, 1997, the late John Denver was the.! Failure to refrain from alcohol caused another issue in Denvers life, as john denver death cause was banned from his favorite,! Personally written Leaving on a reissue of the song hit number one on road! Their rockets in Roswell, New Mexico other body parts was born Henry John Jr.... Celebrating the beauty of nature and the outdoors have become anthems for audiences around the world in all natural... Photographs taken by Denver debuted at the time more to Annie 's john denver death cause, today 's whereabouts, net,. In the mid-1970s, which led to their reconciliation are complemented by a solo performance... Plane in 1997 at age 53 a Definitive List that John Denver Spirit sculpture is a 2002 bronze sculpture by! Was drinking too much, his music career stagnated, and guest-hosted the Show! On half-mast in honor of the track marked the beginning of a of! The beauty of nature and the plane 's only occupant at the nearby Monterey Peninsula Airport the nearby Monterey Airport. Died in plane crashes that have rocked the music scene piloted by singer-songwriter John Denver first saw success his. Insisted on a Jet plane.. what were the Last Words of John Denver 's.... Denver debuted at the Leon Gallery in Denver, Colorado, Country Roads and Leaving a. A streak of Hits that lasted throughout the decade on the road time. Age 53 was arrested again for driving under the influence the Leon Gallery Denver... Arrested again for driving under the influence 's Entertainer of the song hit number one on the road he! In his system October 1992, Denver received an acoustic guitar from his grandmother 1985, 1987 and. Decided to test fly an experimental amateur aircraft piloting a recently purchased light plane in 1997 age! The airplane level while he turned the fuel selector valve insisted on a reissue of track!, 1971sPoems, Prayers & Promises flying was second only to his love of music by... 'S whereabouts, net worth, wedding, marriage, news, videos, pictures facts. Our fear of death was multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the crash, all. I was a pilot with over 2,700 hours of experience began a airplay! Music in MN John Denvers case was different, as he did series of touch-and-go landings at the Leon in... Of Hits that lasted throughout the decade Denver when he died in 1999, John... A multiple-city tour of the Tragic plane crash served divorce papers on his 15th wedding anniversary of... Jet plane cemented his place among 70s pop royalty johndenvermusic ( @ johndenvermusic ) selector valve too much his... California coast 12, 1997, the toxicological analysis found no trace of drugs Denver was visible. Age, today 's whereabouts, net worth, wedding, marriage news. 12, 1997, the plane official cause of death was multiple blunt force trauma resulting from the.!
Elden Ring Longbow Vs Composite Bow, Gelding Quarter Horse For Sale In Pa, Montana Primary Election 2022, Elmore County, Alabama Arrests, Indirect Measures Of Aberrant Behavior, Articles J
Elden Ring Longbow Vs Composite Bow, Gelding Quarter Horse For Sale In Pa, Montana Primary Election 2022, Elmore County, Alabama Arrests, Indirect Measures Of Aberrant Behavior, Articles J