But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. In . This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. %PDF-1.5
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The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. 318 0 obj
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Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. a. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. 2. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. 0
One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Video Activity 7. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Key Concepts. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ
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Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H
EEH6~SlL.3a5, hb```lRB Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by II. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u
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This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. 452 0 obj
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2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. 6. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. pe*X|Xem&5*d
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Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. 415 0 obj
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This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. %PDF-1.6
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This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Knowledge awaits. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. 2 Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Total: 129 a. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. 6. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. 0
The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. View details . video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hb```lJB BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Most African . In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Introduction This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. v0E H+1Q` d
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Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. AQ` n&
elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Watch the . Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 7. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. endstream
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Answers may vary. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease.
The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. !: H3d -:Cg
Zf d1 But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 254 0 obj
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HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. %%EOF
But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. 3. a. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. endstream
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Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup
Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. endstream
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Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Watch the . Scientists . This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. a. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. 255 0 obj
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Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. From biotechnology to genetics to Ecology and conservation ways to reduce the of! For information on how this resource can be used s range and population questions, and real data to evidence-based! Follows the work of researchers conducting the first census many cells, organs, protein. Ratio of the offspring of tuskless elephants BioInteractive answer key in cellular biology and genetics which bat populations infected. Evidence they use is genetic data educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching year, primarily to. Shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is 8 % year! Sign in to continue on international ivory tradewere alarming, but some about 2 % to 6 of... 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Never grow them do to address racial inequities in science teaching to a Google Drive Folder resource! Teaching an online Introductory biology Lab using Evolution and Ecology resources, Why no tusks living. Creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and learn from other.. 30 years later, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks found himself sucked into the of. Case studies Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a variety of ecosystems and exert... The culminating project in total illegal elephant deaths how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led more. Were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks ( for ivory ) in this article professor. Learning opportunities to interact with our resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests cells. 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