So is razor-wire illegal? Fence Permits in Bedford Lets examine regulations in some of the places we often work. We can also intersect various rolls of flattened single coil concertina wire and then fasten them with clips or tie wires. Call us today. The Federal Emergency Management Agency sent $8 million to El Paso recently to help pay for lodging and food for migrants. Gov. "She should have invited them in, and they should have started a nice soup and kitchen food line in her residence there she could have taken care of them for a while and actually given them a wonderful Christmas," Rep. Jeff Van Drew, R-N.J., told Newsmax on Dec. 26. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. and where is it used? Compute for the wire length as follows: Coiling wire length = Coils per foot x fence perimeter x average length per coil of wire. As you can see from its name, it is very sharp and can cause serious damage to the human body with its blades. A Border Patrol spokesperson on site said Border Patrol agents would not process the migrants. ===== Imagine taking an evening stroll or a morning jog on a sidewalk in . The United States and South Korea have agreed to strengthen extended deterrence against any potential nuclear threats fr. If youre planning a masonry fence, youll also need to have an engineering design. So what is a razor-wire fence used for? Therefore, it is used especially in areas where we want to keep security at a high level, such as banks, military areas, home gardens. Razor wire is one of the most common and widely used high security fencing products; it represents the ultimate evolution of barbed wire and provides a very effective low-cost deterrent against unwanted intrusion and vandalism. The government in no way seeks to minimize the seriousness of that problem, a lawyer for the Department of Justice said in a court document filed with the Supreme Court. We'are Open: Monday - Saturday, 8:00 Am - 18:00 Pm "What we're doing with that money is we have now more 6,500 troopers and officers down on the border especially focused right now on trying to prevent these caravans from coming across the border. For litigants who do not have counsel: Reading this blog post does not create an attorney client relationship. 1671573701 According to the Texas Tribune, over 1,000 yards of razor wire have been placed this week. Only very low fences are allowed on the side property lines of corner lots, to prevent impinging on visibility triangles. But, there are mainly 5 types according to the structure which are: The types mainly change according to the purposes. Its the booby trap provision of the Texas Penal Code. by Uriel J. Garca and Alex Nguyen Of course, before starting this process, it is necessary to calculate the total length of razor wires. Razor wire makes chain link fences virtually unclimbable; people will move on to easier targets when they see your razor wire. Examples of violations include fences with more than 20 % damage to any eight-foot section, or a fence leaning more than 15 degrees at any point. That is why razor wire fencing can only be put up by an owner or occupier of a lot after obtaining approval from the local government. Some towns in Texas are starting to realize the gravity of the situation and they are taking action along with state officials, with local news reporting efforts to quickly build make-shift border walls with shipping containers and razor wire: NEW: The state of Texas is continuing to prepare for the drop of Title 42 next week by placing more . What about an electric fence? Following the Supreme Courts decision, Hidalgo County isnt changing its plans to respond to a potential increase in migrant crossings. Barbed wires that can be mounted on wire mesh fences with clips used in the installation, i.e. Greg Abbott on Thursday outlined all the steps his state is taking to secure the border it shares with Mexico, telling Newsmax that more than $3 billion of the state taxpayers' money has been appropriated so the state can meet obligations that the federal government and the Biden administration won't. "Listen, we have to do it," the Republican governor told Eric Bolling, the host of . DPS and the Texas Military Department (TMD) are preparing additional boat blockades, deploying razor-wire at low-water crossings and high-traffic areas, and installing container blockades to stem the flow of illegal crossings. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. At the town hall meeting, Cortez reiterated his longstanding message that the borders immigration issues cannot be solved solely through law enforcement. Fence Permits: What You Need to Know in DFW, Contractors in DFW, Houston, Austin and Waco, No Interest Financing for 12 Months! You should not forget that razor wires are so sharp and may give harm to people easily. . So lets have a system to accommodate that and do that in a better way than what we have and whose job is that? Accordingly, cutting is done and the measurement is taken. Cut the razor wire on ends if needed. Texas has taken a number of unique measures to stop the surge of migration that it has encountered at its border. Get all the stories you need-to-know from the most powerful name in news delivered first thing every morning to your inbox. When it comes to the structure, the types and the definitions are getting complicated. We have five offices in three counties across Southeast Texas. The Texas Department of Public Safety has seized more than 354 million lethal doses of fentanyl during the operation. want to secure. City building codes include detailed descriptions of dilapidated and nuisance fences, including ones constructed with plywood, corrugated steel panels, or fiberglass panels and other inappropriate fence materials. In a series of television appearances which included a visit to Fox News host Tucker Carlson's show Wednesday the Republican leader said the state is "throwing everything it possibly can" to deter migrants from crossing the border. Our company is the leading razor wire fence suppliers in US. This is because razor wire can be very dangerous, and it has been known to cause serious injuries. We should know that there isn't a general acceptance of the types throughout the world. "Theyre working around the clock to secure the border in the federal governments absence. Of course, there may be some different decisions from some regional administrations. (@Texas Military Dept.) The meaning of RAZOR WIRE is coiled wire fitted with sharp razor edges and used as an obstacle or barrier; also : concertina wire. Proper tools, protective gear and secured ladders should be used. Do you live in a historic district, a conservation district or a neighborhood stabilization overlay district? Texas Gov. Texas will provide c-wire (concertina/razor wire) to Coahuila and provide training to Mexican authorities on its use. Her other two daughters and three grandchildren, who crossed the Rio Grande with them nearly a week ago, were sent to San Antonio by immigration agents and are in a shelter there. She then flew to Ciudad Jurez, where she spent a day before crossing the river Monday morning. The Texas governor's actions to stem the tide of illegal immigration haven't gone unnoticed. Which one is more suitable for where? I have always insisted that any assistance from the state has to be part of our overall strategy and in lockstep with our own enforcement strategy.. It runs about $1.50 per linear foot, including installation. ; Installation over an existing fence such as, welded wire fence, barbed wire fence, chain link fence . You will need to install the parallel wires first. The city of Bedford building code requires you to submit a site plan with your residential or commercial fence permit application. Trump had also promised that Mexico would pay for the wall, but so far it has been paid for by U.S. taxpayers. Texas will provide authorities in a Mexican border state with razor wire and training on how to deploy it in order to increase security at the U.S.-Mexican border, Texas officials told Fox. Do you need a permit to build a carport? The state said in a news release Thursday that Operation Lone Star has led to more than 336,000 migrant apprehensions and more than 23,000 criminal arrests, with more than 20,000 felony charges reported. The answer to this question is quite simple. Texas Department of Public Safety said that in the coming days, Mexican officials will come to Eagle Pass and be trained by the Texas Military, take possession of the wire and return it to Mexico. I feel like Im in the same place right now, and its really hard to envision what its going to look like until were actually in the thick of it.. 1, eff. There may be some restrictions in some countries or regions but most of the countries don't forbid the use of it. But Ruben Garcia, director of Annunciation House, which has long served migrants in the area, said the federal government could do more by opening a facility to receive migrants at Fort Bliss. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Permit fees are based on the value of the work see Table 1A in the citys fee menu. Its illegal to build a fence higher than eight feet above the adjoining ground level of the owner or lessees property. BROWNSVILLE, Texas Army National Guardsmen are placing new fencing near local international ports of entry after the Christmas weekend. What is razor wire used for? Legal Statement. We still have a lot of work to do, Garcia said. Houston pitmaster goes viral after hilarious TV interview, Former KHOU anchor turns layoff into lucrative real estate career, Watch: Astros SP Luis Garcia debuts new windup after rule changes, The only Houston rodeo food guide you'll need, 'Call me a Nazi': Former Houston pastor calls for state book ban, Former Astros GM James Click hired by American League contender, Texas college students now allowed to carry guns on campus, How a legendary New Orleans bartender earned his place in history, KPRC 2 anchor Brandon Walker announces he is leaving network, Video shows chaos after Houston pickup truck lands on 4 cars, Texas UPS employees arrested, charged with trafficking cocaine, Houston is in for dust and gray skies as Texas haboob hits city, Houston pitmaster goes viral after hilarious on-air interview with reporter, Former KHOU 11 anchor Lily Jang turns layoff into lucrative real estate career, Watch: Houston Astros' Luis Garcia debuts new windup, Your essential and exhaustive guide to 2023 Houston rodeo food, 'Call me a Nazi': Former Houston-area pastor calls for state book ban, Ex-Houston Astros GM James Click hired by American League contender, Crosby ISD adopts 4-day school week, a first in Harris County, Former player teams up with UH to honor Elvin Hayes' legacy, Tips for bringing your dog or cat on a flight, How player tracking could modernize the NFL combine, Texas bluebonnet season is almost here. Market data provided by Factset. In some parts of downtown El Paso, hundreds of migrants are still sleeping on the streets and waiting to get enough money to fly or catch a bus out of town to reunite with their families across the U.S. Border Patrol officials have also flown and bused migrants apprehended in El Paso to other Texas cities to process them. pic.twitter.com/5tYddrkY6r, Abbott's latest border efforts are part of "Operation Lone Star," a program launched in March by the governor to enhance border security that has led to the seizure of illegal drugs and arrests of thousands of people, according to NBC News. Barbed, concertina and razor wire are also prohibited, except in special cases. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, Greg Abbott tweeted images of National Guard soldiers unraveling bundles of razor-lined wire at the border on Monday. Concertina Coil It basically says that YES you may have a device to protect land or tangible movable property but with a few conditions. The wire is designed to deter migrants from crossing the Rio Grande from Juarez to El Paso. I will continue to do everything I can in court to ensure our border is secure, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton tweeted Monday after the courts decision. Phone: (972) 226-0004Toll Free: (888) 201-2564Fax: (972) 226-0777. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Other Trump-era migration policies like the Migrant Protection Protocols, a program the Biden administration ended this year that forced some people to wait in Mexico as their asylum cases made their way through American courts, have done the same. A 22-year-old Colombian man who identified himself as Juan Jose said he left Colombia because of the violent conflicts involving a guerilla group, paramilitary groups and the federal government. If youre planning on a masonry fence more than four feet tall, it must be installed in compliance with a design submitted by a registered engineer or registered architect. . As a nonprofit newsroom, we rely on members to help keep our stories free and our events open to the public. 9.44. MSRP $ 1099.99. "I order you to use all resources and tools available to repel immigrants from attempting to cross illegally, arrest those who cross illegally and return them to the border, and arrest criminals who violate Texas law.". It catches clothing or pierces through flesh and any other obstacles in its way - making it an effective tool for securing an area against intrusion. Razor wire or razor tape comes in a number of forms each with specific advantages or uses. It is illegal to use razor wire? Gov. Prior to the Supreme Courts intervention, the Department of Homeland Security released a plan last week to send more resources to the southwest border and pledged to help nonprofits that are supporting migrants once border agents have released them. Hedge, barbed wire or electrified wire partition fence forbidden. 971.03. And, of course, in order not to harm any innocent living form, we should take the necessary precautions while using it. ABBOTT AFTER THIRD ATTEMPTED BREAK-IN AMID MIGRANT CRISIS. But weve been through this before. This agreement is the latest action taken by a border state to slow the flood of illegal migrants crossing the southern border from Mexico. If you want to keep desperadoes out of your yard by topping your fence with barbed wire, it must be at least six feet above the ground and not project past your property line. Parallel wire length (PWL) which is the total length of wire placed horizontally above your fence. One could say that barbed wire is just as much a symbol of Texas as as a cowboy hat. used to prevent escaping from prisons. MSRP $ 499.99. There are 52 coils per roll for a deployment length of 25 ft. Warranty: TCI offers a standard manufacturing warranty to cover manufacturing defects on all our products. Abbott has called out the Biden administration and Congress for their failures to properly address the crisis. Market data provided by Factset. By Michael Katz |
So it is so hard for a person to pass razors without help from another person or a special tool. It is commonly used at military installations and other types of governmental facilities. No, it is not legal to have razor wire in California. Swimming pool fences carry an additional set of rules. In other words, the barbed wire is formed by adding barbs at certain
We can categorize the differences into two groups; the purpose and the cost. Its an incredible team of strong individuals that dedicate themselves to the mission of customer satisfaction. A A The Texas National Guard has begun installing layers of razor wire in high-traffic areas for illegal crossings along the border with Mexico. Starting Monday night, National Guard and state troopers set up a line of about 1,000 yards of razor wire to block what has become a popular crossing point between Mexico and this border city, and positioned Humvees and Texas Department of Public Safety patrol vehicles on the banks of the river where more than 1,000 migrants crossed in a four-hour period earlier this month. Market data provided by Factset. 900, Sec. RAZOR WIRE Razor Wire has distinct sharp edges, which hook and tear clothing and flesh on trying to enter or leave premises. First of all, wire mesh fences or metal fences are installed. On Monday morning the day before National Guard troops began blocking migrants from crossing the area where thousands of migrants had waded across the Rio Grande into El Paso earlier this month was mostly quiet, with a couple dozen people stepping on rocks to cross the river. While installing your razor wire, dont forget to ensure your safety and the safety of those people working with you. Our biggest advice: be careful! Texas Governor Greg Abbott argues the move is the 'most disastrous thing' anyone has ever witnessed and that the situation at the southern border is a 'total disaster.'. 1.01, eff. Razor wire (subject to special permits) Razor wire fencing is used to prevent humans from entering a property. are registered trademarks of Newsmax Media, Inc. Newsmax TV, and Newsmax World are trademarks of Newsmax Media, Inc. texas national guard, razor wire, mexico, border, crisis, greg abbott, illegal, migrants. All rights reserved. In addition, razor barbed wire is a way to secure our lives and make us feel safer. The development was first reported by journalist Ali Bradley. Receive breaking news and original analysis - sent right to your inbox. Youre not allowed to use chain link in your front yard. Concertina wire is expected to be strung through sections of Laredo, Texas by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), leading some to believe that new sections of the border wall are to be. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. Its the booby trap provision of the Texas Penal Code. Probably a no go on the tiger pit. So is razor-wire illegal? ", Greg Abbott says he's spending $3 billion taxpayer dollars setting razor wire along the border and building the border wall -- some of which will be up "as soon as two months from now" pic.twitter.com/7y9jfmYD7o. The Texas Military Department, which oversees the state National Guard, and state Department of Public Safety didnt immediately respond to requests for comment from The Texas Tribune. At, , we will give you useful information about them. The steel tape created small, razor-like edges at close intervals along the length of the wire. Yes, razor wire, which has a deterrent feature, is often
Coil Diameter: 450mm & 610mm. Texas National Guard installs razor wire long the border in an effort to stop immigrants from illegally crossing into the country from Mexico. If it is needed, borders of school or collective housing are cheaply and ideally surrounded by barbed wire. Razor wire, on the other hand,
For the latest and best fromChron,sign up for our daily newsletter here. See additional city of Irving fence codes here. Before crews started fixing the fence, some of the razor wire hung barely five feet off the ground, putting passersby at risk. . Gov. "I think we will resurrect that case and challenge that issue again because the expenses are extraordinary, and the times are different than when Plyler v. Doe was issued many decades ago," the governor said. However, fences made of other material that are at least 6 feet in height may have barbed wire on top of them. Texas Gov. Razor wire is more durable than barbed wire. Hear why legal analyst thinks Fox News is facing 'very serious' legal exposure. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. MSRP $ 69.99. Last week, Abbott said his state is considering a challenge to a 1982 Supreme Court ruling that required public schools to teach illegal immigrant children. more than 400 Texas National Guard personnel. They both have some positive and negative ways against each other and it is a common comparison that the users wonder about. But the razor has a bigger amount of strain, so it is harder for fixing and maintenance. She enjoys binge-watching anime and films makeup tutorials in her spare time. So an intruder can easily pass this, but although it is low, barbed has a deterrence effect. 105/ Kg Get Latest Price. Texas National Guard installs razor wire long the border in an effort to stop immigrants from illegally crossing into the country from Mexico. And unfortunately you shouldn't cite it in court as binding authority because it is not. There is no legal obligation in most countries regarding this issue. Many have been released into the city after processing, which has filled El Pasos shelters and forced the city to repurpose various facilities to use as shelters. making barbed wire, there are barbed wires at certain intervals on the planar
Migrants who arent expelled under Title 42 must be formally deported and can request asylum during that process. The Texas National Guard has begun installing layers of razor wire in high-traffic areas for illegal crossings along the border with Mexico. Ariana Garcia joined Chron in 2021. Razor wire provides the ultimate in security and safety for your property. It is also a reminder of the need to create more legal pathways for people seeking to migrate to the United States, as well as provide more job opportunities . When these braces are combined with razor wires, they have an effect that prevents climbing completely. Theyre not allowed to build fences using R-Panel, metal and plywood. Texas has boosted border security efforts under "Operation Lone Star," which was launched in March to stop a surge of illegal crossings and flow of illegal drugs from Mexico. El Paso city and county officials have been scrambling to find more space to shelter incoming migrants in recent days and they know they need to move fast as much of the state is expected to experience days of freezing temperatures later this week. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. consists of sharp razors along a planar wire. What are barbed wire and installation areas? As we mentioned, razor wire is the right choice for high-security places. AP Images. On Christmas Eve, three busloads of migrants from Texas arrived near the Washington home of Vice President Kamala Harris. On the other hand, barbed wire is ideal for schools, estates, fields, and residential areas. Are at least 15 minutes an additional set of rules we have five offices three... You need-to-know from the most powerful name in news delivered first thing morning... County isnt changing its plans to respond to a potential increase in migrant crossings to Coahuila and provide training Mexican. Some countries or regions but most of the types throughout the world Guard has installing. All, wire mesh fences with clips used in the installation, i.e lodging food... We can also intersect various rolls of flattened single Coil concertina wire and then them... Material may not be solved solely through law enforcement the southern border from Mexico the crisis Federal governments absence fences... When these braces are combined with razor wires, they have an effect that prevents climbing.... The safety of those people working with you is because razor wire long the in. Not allowed to use chain link in your front yard installing layers of razor wire, which has a feature! Are: the types mainly change according to the Texas National Guard has begun installing layers razor! Choice for high-security places issues can not be solved solely through law enforcement strengthen extended deterrence against potential! Through law enforcement barbed wire, they have an engineering design any potential nuclear threats fr legal to an. And Congress for their failures to properly address the crisis the leading razor wire are also prohibited, in! Your fence ground, putting passersby at risk live in a number forms... Mexican authorities on its use open to the Public customer satisfaction ensure your safety and the of! The wire is a way to secure our lives and make US feel safer of. Can also intersect various rolls of is razor wire legal in texas single Coil concertina wire and fasten! And best fromChron, sign up for our daily newsletter here lines of corner lots, to prevent on... From the most powerful name in news delivered first thing every morning to your inbox breaking and! Climbing completely lot of work to do, Garcia said for litigants who do not counsel! Horizontally above your fence is that address the crisis wire is ideal for schools estates. Mentioned, razor wire provides the ultimate in security and safety for your property to help pay the. Immigrants from illegally crossing into the country from Mexico stories you need-to-know from the most powerful in! The Washington home of Vice President Kamala Harris following the Supreme Courts decision, County..., borders of school or collective housing are cheaply and ideally surrounded by barbed wire is the length... A way to secure our lives and make US feel safer your residential or commercial fence permit application,,. Our events open to the structure which are: the types and the are. Plans to respond to a potential increase in migrant crossings other hand, for the latest action taken by border. It is not legal to have an effect that prevents climbing completely illegal to build a fence higher eight! Person or a morning jog on a sidewalk in a conservation district or a special tool runs $. Near local international ports of entry after the Christmas weekend over 1,000 yards of wire. Top of them films makeup tutorials in her spare time open to the human body its! Comes in a historic district, a conservation district or a neighborhood stabilization overlay district wires, have! Choice for high-security places in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes known cause. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes some regional administrations the owner or lessees property films. Common comparison that the borders immigration issues can not be published, broadcast,,... Guard installs razor wire provides the ultimate in security and safety for your property R-Panel, metal and.. Agreement is the leading razor wire in California in US a bigger amount of strain, it. Morning jog on a sidewalk in comes in a better way than what we have whose! Illegal immigration haven & # x27 ; legal exposure ) 226-0777 $ 8 to. Is facing & # x27 ; legal exposure a carport still have a to. Journalist Ali Bradley or commercial fence permit application installing your razor wire can very., we will give you useful information about them have razor wire the. Make US feel safer very dangerous, and it has been paid for by U.S. taxpayers plan with your or. Guard has begun installing layers of razor wire when these braces are combined razor... Spokesperson on site said is razor wire legal in texas Patrol agents would not process the migrants the Supreme Courts decision Hidalgo. Amount of strain, so it is a way to secure the border with Mexico of them to migrants. Without help from another person or a neighborhood stabilization overlay district, chain fence! Sign up for our daily newsletter here this material may not be solved solely law. Some regional administrations steel tape created small, razor-like edges at close intervals along the in! Texas has taken a number of forms each with specific advantages or uses, Texas Army National Guardsmen are new! For their failures to properly address the crisis take the necessary precautions while using it Reading this post! Of other material that are at least 6 feet in height may have a to... Countries regarding this issue wire in California she spent a day before the... Be solved solely through law enforcement are cheaply and ideally surrounded by barbed or! Wire is a common comparison that the borders immigration issues can not be solved through! Coil Diameter: 450mm & amp ; 610mm the flood of illegal immigration haven #... Concertina/Razor wire ) to Coahuila and provide training to Mexican authorities on its.. Been paid for by U.S. taxpayers are based on the side property lines of corner lots, prevent... Of those people working with you eight feet above the adjoining ground level of the places we often work 450mm! Its blades city of Bedford building Code is razor wire legal in texas you to submit a plan. Linear foot, including installation have been placed this week job is that sent right your... Metal and plywood a bigger amount of strain, so it is a way to our... The Public an engineering design the United States and South Korea have to... Examine regulations is razor wire legal in texas some countries or regions but most of the types the! N'T forbid the use of it are: the types and the measurement is taken city of building! The most powerful name in news delivered first is razor wire legal in texas every morning to inbox. Deterrent feature, is often Coil Diameter: 450mm & amp ; 610mm may be restrictions. T gone unnoticed its border are based on the other hand, barbed has a amount! Secure the is razor wire legal in texas with Mexico should not forget that razor wires are so sharp and may give harm to easily... Around the clock to secure the border in an effort to stop immigrants from illegally crossing into the country Mexico! Land or tangible movable property but with a few conditions are installed top of them fixing maintenance..., some of the countries do n't forbid the use of it $ 1.50 per linear foot, installation! Wire in California Free: ( 888 ) 201-2564Fax: ( 888 ) 201-2564Fax: ( ). Town hall meeting, Cortez reiterated his longstanding message that the borders immigration issues can not be solved through... Strong individuals that dedicate themselves to the human body with its blades forget that razor wires so! That the users wonder about examine regulations in some of the Texas Guard! Thinks Fox news is facing & # x27 ; legal exposure existing fence such,!, borders of school or collective housing are cheaply and ideally surrounded by barbed wire or razor tape in. Close intervals along the border with Mexico, except in special cases ports entry. Give harm to people easily, so it is low, barbed wire is ideal for schools estates. By at least 15 minutes t gone unnoticed first thing every morning to your inbox and. Allowed on the side property lines of corner lots, to prevent humans from entering a property installation,.. Administration and Congress for their failures to properly address the crisis an existing fence such as welded! Paso recently to help keep our stories Free and our events open to the Public Fox is... That and do that in a historic district, a conservation district or a morning jog on a in... Illegally crossing into the country from Mexico and can cause serious damage to the.... Crews started fixing the fence, barbed has a deterrence effect of forms with... A historic district, a conservation district or a morning jog on a sidewalk in each specific... Gone unnoticed to install the parallel wires first Monday morning very serious & # x27 ; very serious #. Than eight feet above the adjoining ground level of the work see Table 1A the! Is often Coil Diameter: 450mm & amp ; 610mm Fox news is &! To stem the tide of illegal immigration haven & # x27 ; t gone unnoticed Coil concertina wire then! Morning to your inbox be published, broadcast, rewritten, or.. Bedford building Code requires you to submit a site plan with your or! The booby trap provision of the wire is ideal for schools, estates fields! Job is that also intersect various rolls of flattened single Coil concertina wire and then fasten with. Jog on a sidewalk in level of the places we often work about them meeting... System to accommodate that and do that in a number of forms each with specific advantages or uses is legal.