Language distributions suggest that this most likely occurred from Sudan into the African Great Lakes region, since the Nilotic languages spoken by these pre-Bantu farmers have their closest relatives in the middle Nile basin. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean. [45] The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The region also comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are . The British Museum. A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. This, combined with the poleward-flowing Agulhas Current, serves to characterise the coastal ocean in . In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. Casson, Lionel (1989). Within minutes, the blindingly bright white flats had been obscured by the downpour, and I lost the shark in the rain. The use of deterrentsnoise or chili peppershas resulted in a dramatic reduction of conflicts and crop field destruction. Prevailing climatic conditions and the regions' geomorphology allowed the establishment of flourishing European style settlements like Nairobi, Vila Pery, Vila Junqueiro, Porto Amlia, Loureno Marques and Entebbe.[68]. 10. The Kingdom of Aksum was a trading empire centered Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. Eastern Africa has a diverse climate change that consist of hot, dry desert regions, cooler, and highlands. [46] It existed from approximately 100940 CE, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BCE to achieve prominence by the 1st century CE. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . West of the Rwenzoris and Ethiopian highlands, the rainfall pattern is more typically tropical, with rain throughout the year near the equator and a single wet season in most of the Ethiopian Highlands from June to September contracting to July and August around Asmara. Should we carry along the same path, its estimated that there will be no fish left in the ocean by 2050. Updates? Reports show that eight million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year. Fig. Because exploitation of turtles is often driven by a lack of economic choices, WWF works to develop alternative livelihoods so that local people are no longer dependent on turtle products for income. Sodwana Bay is the oldest marine reserve in South Africa and its healthy reefs and rich; diverse marine life is a prime example of this. ~ Geo Cloete, ? Source: British Library. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. Azania Vol. [52], The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of Rhapta, Azania and Menouthias[53] referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] ultimately giving rise to the name for Tanzania. We collaborate with authorities on a comprehensive investigation of illegal practices in an effort to create new policies and standards that mandate sustainable forest management and trade. With maximum velocities of around 8.5 km/h, it is one of the fastest and strongest flowing currents in the world. Visit Africa's Gold Coast on the Atlantic Ocean, including Ghana and Senegal, and make a stop at the tropical Cape Verde islands. His first stop was Zeila, a port of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia with a large Muslim community. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY Join us as we take a glimpse into the underwater world of our African oceans and seas through the eyes of photographers who submitted their photos into ourPhotographer of the Year2016, 2017 and 2018 competitions. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. WWFs goal is to have over 31 million acres of land in Tanzania managed in this way, which will help wildlife migration outside of protected areas. The traders relied on the monsoon winds to blow their ships to and from the east African coast. Dhows were used in the nineteenth century to carry slaves from the East African coast to various islands in the Zanzibar archipelago. Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. [40][41], The migration route of the "Out of Africa" theory probably occurred in East Africa however through Bab el Mandeb. It has official status in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. WMAs create opportunities for wildlife tourism, which directly benefits local communities through jobs and revenue. This also leaves more habitat for wildlife and keeps farms close to home. Chili bombs, a mixture of dried elephant dung and hot chili, are placed in crop fields to keep elephants away because they do not like the smell of chili. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. The spread of ironworking and the Bantu migrations, The chieftainships of the southern savanna, https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa. East Africa is the part of Africa around and east of the Great Rift Valley, a land feature stretching from the Red Sea in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the east, and the Mozambique Channel in the southeast. World Wildlife Fund Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax ID number 52-1693387) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. One particularly powerful western boundary current is the Gulf Stream. Villagers found that the small no-take zones that allowed fish stocks to rebound also produced an abundance of oysters. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. The East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations of which 60-70% are found only in the Indo-Pacific and 15% are found nowhere else in the world. Born out of wedlock . Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. The equator runs through Africa, from Gabon in the west to Somalia in the east, and nearly splits the continent into two equal parts. This photo depicts a portion of the base of the smack, illustrating the dense concentration of jellyfish. ~ Geo Cloete, ? With millions of humans also sharing the land, frequent encounters occur and often lead to conflict. WWF strives to ensure that local people benefit from economic opportunities that come with new tourism enterprises. . Physical Geography. On an average, the north equatorial warm current flows from east to west but this saline current is deflected northward when it crosses the mid-Atlantic Ridge near 15N latitude. Local merchants gathered ivory from the south, gold from the western interior and frankincense and myrrh from northern Africa. Although no houses were being built of coral, stone mosques were being constructed. The situation is exacerbated by large-scale illegal logging, which is often exported to international markets. collapse afer a 1500 year reign over the Southern Nile valley as a result of the migrating Noba, The immigration and Conquest of the Noba would culturally reshape the Sudanese nile valley and lead to the transition of the region into the 3 Nubian speaking Christian kingdoms afterwards, Makuria, Alodia (Also known as Alwa) and Nobatia as result of the Noba who likley spoke proto nubian.[43]. Shadows in the water at the Aliwal Shoal, South Africa Christophe Lapeze (Photographer of the Year 2017 Entrant), ? The construction of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593 was meant to solidify Portuguese hegemony in the region, but their influence was clipped by the British, Dutch and Omani Arab incursions into the Great Lakes region during the 17th century. In the Horn of Africa and Nile Valley, Afroasiatic languages predominate, including languages of the family's Cushitic (such as Beja, Oromo and Somali), Semitic (such as Amharic, Arabic and Tigrinya), and Omotic (such as Wolaytta) branches. The regions vegetation ranges from woodlands and grasslands in the wetter regions to thornbushes in semiarid areas. Encyclopdia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra. 12. [79], According to the CIA, as of 2017, the countries in the eastern Africa region have a total population of around 537.9 million inhabitants.[80]. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the . Author: George McCall Theal Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain The region has endured the following post-colonial conflicts: Kenya has enjoyed relatively stable governance. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Portugal's main goal on the Swahili coast was to take control of the spice trade from the Arabs. Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. Lake Niassa is an important source of freshwater, home to over 1000 fish species and critical to the livelihoods of the people of Mozambique. Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya are not only sources of ivory, but also major conduits for illegal wildlife trade. Such local participation and management will help ensure protection of the lakes vital resources for future generations. Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, and slaves were traded in return. However, politics have been turbulent at times, including the attempted coup d'tat in 1982 and the 2007 election riots. Learn the historical significance of the Kingdom of Axum and how other . Wild dogs, black rhinos and lions also roam its forests and grasslands. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. WWF works with government and communities to develop land use plans that allow wildlife movement and human use to coexist. In the Western Indian Ocean, WWF works to transform the way fisheries are managed in order to achieve sustainability. This is . A blacktip shark cruises the lagoon as a storm approaches in Aldabra atoll, Seychelles Adam Mitchell (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), TheAldabra atollhas one of the highest shark densities of anywhere in the western Indian Ocean. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. Only with more knowledge can we hope to make informed decisions. No settlements from this period have been found. With these territories secured, Britain was able to serve as gatekeeper of the sea lane leading to British India. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). All rights reserved. The east coast of South Africa has a generally well-defined and narrow continental shelf area. Roland Oliver, et al. Omissions? We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. Chami, Felix A. Though the straits were never completely closed, there may have been islands in between which could be reached using simple rafts. [47] The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The inhabitants, whose main local currency was cowrie shells, traded with the peoples of the Persian Gulf and, by the early 11th century, had first come under Muslim influence. Some parts of East Africa have been renowned for their concentrations of wild animals, such as the "big five": the elephant, buffalo, lion, black rhinoceros,[21] and leopard, though populations have been declining under increased stress in recent times, particularly those of the rhino and elephant. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ranger in Udzungwe National Park, Tanzania. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. East Africa's Coral Refuge is a critical source of food and livelihoods for people all across Kenya and Tanzania. We work on sustainable use of natural resources, such as certified timber or fisheries, which also creates incentives for conservation. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. The Big Five of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa. It's more than 41 million square miles, the second . El Nino events tend to increase rainfall except in the northern and western parts of the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, where they produce drought and poor Nile floods. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. The scene was of a huge congregation which consisted of a densely stacked (but spread out) base. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. Copy. Once implemented, the law will save the lives of up to 5,000 marine turtles per year and allow Mozambican fishers to sell their shrimp to the U.S. market. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. Omani Arab colonization of the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts brought the once independent city-states under closer foreign scrutiny and domination than was experienced during the Portuguese period. Africa has a huge range of coastline which borders not only two oceans, but two seas as well. [42] Lowland barriers and diseases carried by the tsetse fly, however, prevented the donkey and agriculture from spreading southwards. Today at the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, the Red Sea is about 12 miles (20 kilometres) wide, but 50,000 years ago it was much narrower and sea levels were 70 meters lower. They have revealed an extensive pre-Muslim settlement standing on the edge of what was the finest harbour on the coast. The Western Hemisphere includes about half of Antarctica and all of North and South America which includes the Caribbean and Central America as well as Greenland. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. [62][63] These early writings perhaps document the first wave of Bantu settlers to reach central east Africa during their migration.[64]. `` Africa South of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa puzzle. Crop field destruction flats had been obscured by the east coast of africa ocean fly,,. 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